The Pan Island Expressway (Abbreviation: PIE) is the oldest and longest of Singapore's expressways. Currently, it is also Singapore's longest road.[1] It runs from the East Coast Parkway near Changi Airport in the east to Tuas in the west, and has a total length of Template:Convert .
Initially conceived by the Public Works Department in the 1960s as part of road network expansion plans to handle rising traffic volumes, work on the PIE commenced in 1964, with the first section, Jalan Toa Payoh, completed by 1969. Construction of other segments of the expressway were carried out throughout the 1970s, and the initial expressway, from Hong Kah Circle to the East Coast Parkway, was completed in June 1982. The PIE was then extended further westward to Tuas between 1991 and 1993. By the 1990s, the expressway was handling large amounts of traffic, and work was done to expand the expressway and interchanges along its route in the 1990s and 2000s to alleviate traffic congestion.
Route[]
The PIE stretches Template:Convert, and is the longest expressway in Singapore.[2] Beginning at a junction with the East Coast Parkway near Changi Airport, the expressway runs northwest to intersect the Tampines Expressway.[3] The PIE then curves southwest, passing through Tampines, Bedok and Geylang before intersecting the Kallang-Paya Lebar Expressway and curving northwest, before curving west and running along the southern edge of Toa Payoh.[4] From Toa Payoh, the expressway runs along the northern edge of Bukit Timah, curving southwest where it meets the Bukit Timah Expressway, before curving west once again at Clementi Avenue 6. The PIE then travels along the northern edges of Clementi, Jurong East and Jurong West before ending at a junction with the Ayer Rajah Expressway at Tuas Road.[5]
History[]
Plans[]
The PIE was initially conceived by the Public Works Department as part of plans to expand Singapore's road network in the 1960s, to cope with a predicted large rise in traffic volume over the next two decades.[6] It was the result of a four-year planning study conducted in 1967 by the Singapore government with foreign planning consultants, and which was funded by the United Nations Development Programme.[7]
Intended to connect Singapore's satellite towns and industrial estates, it was to act as the main connector between different parts of Singapore, and be able to cope with high traffic volumes.[8]
Construction[]
Construction of the PIE started in 1964 and took place in four phases.[9] Jalan Toa Payoh, a Template:Convert segment of the expressway between Thomson Road and Woodsville Circus, was completed by June 1969,[8] and the segment between Woodsville Circus and Jalan Eunos, named Jalan Kolan Ayer and Paya Lebar Way, was completed by 1970.[10] Work on the Template:Convert section between Jalan Anak Bukit and Thomson Road began in March 1970, and was estimated to cost $2 million.[11] During the construction of this section of the expressway, rocks had to be blasted near Adam Road,[12] and Kampong Chantek Bahru, off Bukit Timah Road, was cleared to make way for the expressway.[13]
In January 1975, the section of the expressway between Jalan Eunos and Kallang Bahru was completed, and Jalan Kolam Bahru, between Kallang Bahru and Woodsville Circus, was improved to form part of the expressway.[14] The section between Adam Road and Jalan Anak Bukit was opened in October 1976,[15] and construction of the eastern part of the PIE, between Jalan Eunos and Changi Airport, commenced in 1976.[16]
Work to expand Whitley Road to three lanes in each direction, along with the construction of a grade-separated interchange to link it with the PIE, commenced in November 1977.[17] The section of the expressway between Adam Road and Whitley Road was completed by 1978, and was opened to traffic in 1979. Work on the PIE between Jalan Anak Bukit and Boon Lay Road also commenced in 1978.[18] To connect this section to the rest of the PIE, a $15.2 million viaduct over Jalan Anak Bukit and Upper Bukit Timah Road was constructed.[10]
On 10 January 1981, the Template:Convert segment of the PIE between Jalan Eunos and the East Coast Parkway was officially opened by Mr Teh Cheang Wan, the then-Minister for National Development, having cost $50 million to construct.[19] The section of the expressway between Upper Bukit Timah and Corporation Road was opened soon after, on 31 January 1981, by Mr Lee Yiok Seng, then the Parlimentary Secretary (National Development).[20] With the completion of two flyovers, across Aljunied Road and Paya Lebar Road, in June 1982, three months ahead of schedule, the PIE was fully opened.[21]
Operational history[]
Upon its opening, the PIE was noted to have had a positive impact on traffic flow in certain areas, alleviating traffic, as was reported in a preliminary PWD study in October 1981.[22] From 1983 to 1984, two lanes, one in each direction, were added to the Template:Convert section of the PIE between Mount Pleasant Road and Jalan Boon Lay.[23]
By the early 1990s, the expressway was handling considerable traffic, causing traffic congestion during peak hours. To alleviate traffic congestion, portions of the PIE, such as the Woodsville interchange and the intersection with the Central Expressway, were upgraded at a cost of $180 million from May 1991.[24] In addition, service roads were also constructed alongside the expressway near Toa Payoh and at the Woodsville interchange.[25]
Work began on an Template:Convert extension of the PIE from Hong Kah Circle to Tuas in October 1991, with the northward realignment and extension of the expressway from Hong Kah Circle to Pioneer Road North. Intended to serve as a connection to the Jurong industrial estate and Jurong West, the extension cost $81.3 million[26] and was opened to traffic in December 1993.[27]
As the amount of traffic using the KJE and PIE to the Jurong industrial estate increased, the Land Transport Authority upgraded the stretch of the PIE between Tengah Flyover and Tuas Road to a four-lane dual carriageway from a three-lane dual carriageway. The work started in March 2004 and ended in March 2006.[28]
Beginning in July 2011, the stretch of the PIE between Clementi Avenue 6 and Adam Road was widened. The widening work involved adding one lane to both sides of the expressway as well as the structural expansion of the existing Eng Neo, Chantek and Anak Bukit Flyovers. The widened portions were progressively opened to traffic from July 2013.[29]
List of exits[]
| No. | Eastbound exit to road (destinations) | Interchange | Type | No. | Westbound exit to road (destinations) |
| End of expressway (ECP) | Changi I/C | Trumpet | Start of expressway | ||
| 1 | Changi Airport | ||||
| No exit | Semi-directional T | 1 | Changi South Avenue 3 (Changi Business Park and Singapore Expo) | ||
| 2 | Upper Changi Road North/East, Tampines Expressway (SLE), Changi Village and Pasir Ris Town | Upper Changi I/C | Cloverstack | 2 | Upper Changi Road North/East, Tampines Expressway (TPE), Changi Village and Pasir Ris Town |
| 3B | Tampines Street 31/Avenue 2 (Tampines New Town) | Simei I/C | LILO | 3A | Simei Road (Simei New Town and Changi General Hospital) |
| 4A | Simei Avenue (Simei New Town, Changi General Hospital and Singapore Expo) | Tampines South I/C | Cloverstack | 4B | Tampines Avenue 5/Central (Tampines New Town) and Temasek Polytechnic |
| 4B | Tampines Avenue 5/Central (Tampines New Town) and Temasek Polytechnic | ||||
| 6 | Bedok North Ave 3 | Bedok Reservoir I/C | SPUI | 6 | Bedok North Ave 3 |
| 8A | Bedok North Road (Bedok New Town) | Bedok North I/C | Cloverleaf | No exit | |
| 8B | Bedok North Road (Bedok Reservoir Road) and Tampines Ave 10 | ||||
| 9 | Jalan Eunos, Eunos Crescent, Eunos Link and Still Road | Eunos I/C | SPUI (former Diamond) | 9 | Jalan Eunos, Eunos Crescent, Eunos Link and Still Road |
| 11 | Paya Lebar Road, Geylang Road and Airport Road | Paya Lebar I/C | SPUI | 11 | Paya Lebar Road, Geylang Road and Airport Road |
| 13 | Kallang Way, Sims Way, Kallang–Paya Lebar Expressway (KPE) | Kallang I/C | Stack | 12 | Kallang Bahru, Bendemeer Road, Kallang–Paya Lebar Expressway (KPE) |
| No exit | Woodsville Flyover | Diamond | 15A | Central Expressway (City), (Balestier Road and Moulmein Road) | |
| 15 | Central Expressway (Braddell Road, Ang Mo Kio, SLE), Upper Serangoon Road, MacPherson Road and Bendemeer Road | Whampoa I/C | Cloverstack | 15B | Central Expressway (Ang Mo Kio, SLE) |
| 16A | Kim Keat Link (Toa Payoh) | Kim Keat I/C | Semi-directional T | 16 | Kim Keat Link (Toa Payoh) |
| No exit | Toa Payoh South I/C | Trumpet | 17 | Jalan Datoh (Balestier Road), Thomson Road (Newton Road, Moulmein Road), Whitley Road (Catholic Junior College, Thomson Road) | |
| 17D | Thomson Road (Balestier Road, Marymount Road), Lorong 2 Toa Payoh | Thomson I/C | Parclo | 17C | Thomson Road, Whitley Road (Catholic Junior College) |
| 18 | Onraet Road | Semi-directional T | No exit | ||
| 19 | Stevens Road and Bukit Timah Road | Mount Pleasant I/C | Trumpet | 19 | Whitley Road and Stevens Road |
| 20B | Lornie Highway and Lornie Road | Adam I/C | Cloverleaf | 20A | Adam Road and Farrer Road |
| 22 | Eng Neo Avenue and Bukit Timah Road | Eng Neo I/C | Trumpet | 22 | Eng Neo Avenue and Bukit Timah Road |
| 24 | Bukit Timah Expressway (Woodlands) and Dairy Farm Road | Chantek I/C | Trumpet | 24 | Bukit Timah Expressway (Woodlands) and Dairy Farm Road |
| 26B | Upper Bukit Timah Road and Jalan Jurong Kechil | Anak Bukit I/C | Diamond | 26A | Clementi Road, Upper Bukit Timah Road, Jalan Jurong Kechil and Dunearn Road |
| 27 | Clementi Avenue 6, Commonwealth Avenue West (Clementi New Town) and AYE) | Clementi North I/C | Trumpet | 27 | Clementi Avenue 6, (Commonwealth Avenue West (Clementi New Town) and AYE) |
| 28 | Toh Tuck Avenue, Bukit Batok East Avenue 3 and Old Toh Tuck Road | Toh Tuck I/C | SPUI (former Diamond) | 28 | Toh Tuck Avenue, Bukit Batok East Avenue 3 and Old Toh Tuck Road |
| 30 | Toh Guan Road (Toh Guan Road East, Jurong East Central) | Toh Guan I/C | Seagull | 30 | Toh Guan Road (Toh Guan Road East, Jurong East Central) |
| 31 | Jurong Town Hall Road, Bukit Batok Road (Bukit Batok New Town, Jurong East New Town) | Bukit Batok I/C | SPUI | 31 | Jurong Town Hall Road, Bukit Batok Road (Bukit Batok New Town, Jurong East New Town) |
| No exit | Semi-directional T | 32 | Jurong Canal Drive (Jurong East New Town, Jurong West New Town) | ||
| 34 | Jurong West Avenue 2 (Corporation Road) | Hong Kah I/C | Seagull | 34 | Jurong Road, Jurong West Avenue 2 (Corporation Road) |
| 35 | Kranji Expressway (Choa Chu Kang, BKE) | Tengah I/C | Directional T | 35 | Kranji Expressway (Choa Chu Kang, BKE) |
| 36 | Jalan Bahar (Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West Avenue 3, Jurong West Avenue 5) | Bahar I/C | SPUI | 36 | Jalan Bahar (Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West Avenue 3, Jurong West Avenue 5) |
| 38 | Pioneer Road North (Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West Street 91) | Nanyang I/C | SPUI | 38 | Pioneer Road North (Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West Street 91) |
| 40 | Upper Jurong Road (Benoi Road), Pasir Laba Road (SAFTI) | Pasir Laba I/C | Modified Seagull | 40 | Upper Jurong Road (Benoi Road), Pasir Laba Road (SAFTI) |
| Start of expressway | Tuas I/C | Stacked roundabout | 41 | Jalan Ahmad Ibrahim, Ayer Rajah Expressway | |
| End of expressway (Tuas Road) | |||||
References[]
- ↑ The Book of Singapore Record Template:Webarchive
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External links[]
- Template:Commons category-inline
- A list of PIE interchanges
- Review of the play "Pan Island Expressway"
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