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Hong Kong

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Hong Kong, is a special administrative region on the eastern side of the Pearl River estuary of the Pearl River Delta in southern China.

History[]

The growth of Hong Kong depended greatly on domestic transport of citizens and cargo across Victoria Harbour. The establishment of the Star Ferry and the Yaumati Ferry would prove to be vital. In 1843 the colony had built the first ship at a private shipyard. Some of the customers later included the Spanish government in the Philippines and the Chinese navy. The Peak Tram would begin in 1888 along with the Tramway service in 1904. The first railway line was also launched in 1910 as the Kowloon-Canton Railway.

On land the rickshaws were extremely popular when they were first imported from Japan in 1874, since it was affordable and necessary for street merchants to haul goods. Sedan chairs were the preferred mode of the transport for the wealthy Europeans who lived on Victoria Peak due to the steep grade which ruled out rickshaws until the introduction of the Peak Tram. The first automobiles in Hong Kong had petrol-driven internal combustion engines and arrived between 1903–05. Initially they were not well received by the public. Only around 1910 did the cars begin to gain appeal. Most of the owners were British. Buses operated by various independent companies flourished in the 1920s until the government formally issued franchises for the China Motor Bus and Kowloon Motor Bus companies in 1933.

Handover[]

Unchanged after 30 June 1997 Changed after 30 June 1997
  1. English continued as an official language and is still taught in all schools. However, many schools teach in Cantonese in parallel with Mandarin and English.
  2. The border with the mainland, while now known as the boundary, continued to be patrolled as before, with separate immigration and customs controls.
  3. Hong Kong citizens were still required to apply for a Mainland Travel Permit, in order to visit mainland China.
  4. Citizens of mainland China still did not have the right of abode in Hong Kong. Instead, they had to apply for a permit to visit or settle in Hong Kong from the PRC government.
  5. Hong Kong remained a common law jurisdiction, with a separate legal system from that used in the mainland, with previous laws remaining in force provided that they did not conflict with the Basic Law.
  6. The Hong Kong dollar continued to be used as its sole currency, and the responsibility of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority. The Bank of China had already started issuing banknotes in 1994.
  7. Hong Kong continued to operate as a separate customs territory from mainland China under Article 116 of the Basic Law.
  8. Hong Kong remained an individual member of various international organisations, such as the World Trade Organization and APEC.
  9. Hong Kong, which remained an individual member of the International Olympic Committee, continued to send its own team to international sporting events such as the Olympics.
  10. Hong Kong maintained Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices overseas, as well as in the Greater China Region. These include the offices in London, Washington D.C., Brussels and Geneva, previously known as Hong Kong Government Offices.
  11. Many countries' consulates-general in Hong Kong remained outside the jurisdiction of their embassies in Beijing, such as the United States Consulate General, which reports directly to the Department of State.
  12. The Chung Hwa Travel Service, which functioned as Taiwan's de facto mission in Hong Kong, continued to function as before, issuing visas to visitors from Hong Kong, mainland China and other countries. In 2011 it was renamed the Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Hong Kong.
  13. Hong Kong continued to negotiate and maintain its own aviation bilateral treaties with foreign countries and territories. Agreements with Taiwan signed in 1996 remained in force after the change of sovereignty, and were replaced by "the air transportation agreement between Taiwan and Hong Kong", which retained international regulations, such as regulations on customs.
  14. Signs (and fonts), labels, and roadway construction standards on Hong Kong roads and expressways continue to follow the European Union roadway standards, particularly those of the UK.
  15. Hong Kong continued to drive on the left, unlike Mainland China, which drives on the right. Vehicle registration plates continued to be modelled on those of the United Kingdom, white on the front and yellow on the back, with the vehicle registration mark in a similar font.
  16. Hong Kong-registered vehicles still required special cross-border plates to travel to and from mainland China, similar to those of Guangdong. Vehicles registered in the mainland can enter Hong Kong under the Hong Kong mainland China driving scheme.
  17. Hong Kong citizens continued to have easier access to many countries, including those in Europe and North America, with Hong Kong SAR passport holders having visa-free access to 154 other countries and territories.
  18. Many former colonial citizens could still use British National (Overseas) and British citizen passports after 1997. (Main article: British nationality law and Hong Kong)
  19. It continued to have more political freedoms than mainland China, with the holding of demonstrations and the annual memorial to commemorate the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 continuing to be held in Victoria Park.
  20. It continued to have a multi-party political system. This is separate from the Communist-led United Front on the mainland.
  21. It continued to have more freedom of the press than mainland China, under Article 27 of the Basic Law, despite the growing influence of Beijing.
  22. It also continued to have more religious freedoms, with the Roman Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong remaining under the jurisdiction of the Holy See, instead of the Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association on the mainland. The Falun Gong spiritual practice also remained legal in Hong Kong, despite encountering opposition from the SAR government.
  23. Many other technical standards from the United Kingdom, such as electrical plugs (BS 1363) are still used in Hong Kong. However, telephone companies changed from installing UK-style BS 6312 telephone sockets to installing US-style RJ11 ones. Hong Kong also adopted the digital TV standard devised in mainland China for TV transmissions, instead of DVB-T, to replace PAL-I. (Main article: Technical standards in colonial Hong Kong)
  24. Hong Kong retained a separate international dialling code (852) and telephone numbering plan from that of the mainland. Calls between Hong Kong and the mainland still required international dialling.
  25. Hong Kong retained a separate ISO 3166 code, HK. It also retained a top-level domain, .hk. However, the Chinese code CN-91 was also used.
  26. Hong Kong retained its own separate postal services, with Hongkong Post operating separately from China Post. Hong Kong was not made part of the Chinese postcode system, nor did it introduce a postcode system of its own.
  27. The Hong Kong government continued to make a subvention to the English Schools Foundation, responsible for English-medium schools, which would not be phased out until 2016.
  28. The former British military drill, marching and words of command in English continued in all disciplinary services including all civil organisations. The PLA soldiers of the Chinese Garrison in Hong Kong have their own drills and Mandarin words of command.
  29. Statues of British monarchs remained. Queen Victoria's statue remains in Victoria Park. King George VI's statue similarly remained in Hong Kong Zoological and Botanical Gardens.
  30. British-inspired road names remain unchanged.
  1. From 2012, secondary education moved away from the English model of five years secondary schooling plus two years of university matriculation to the Chinese model of three years of junior secondary plus another three years of senior secondary, while university education was extended from three years to four.
  2. The chief executive became the head of government, elected by a Selection Committee, whose members were mainly elected from among professional sectors and business leaders. The Governor was appointed by the United Kingdom.
  3. The Legislative Council, elected in 1995, was dissolved and replaced by a Provisional Legislative Council, before elections were held to a new Council, in which only 20 out of 60 seats were directly elected. The decision to dissolve the Legislative Council and replace it with a Provisional Legislative Council was criticised by representatives of the UK government.
  4. Foreign nationals were not allowed to stand for directly elected seats in the Legislative Council, only for indirectly elected seats.
  5. All public office buildings now flew the flags of the PRC and the Hong Kong SAR. The Union Flag now flew only outside the British Consulate-General and other British premises.
  6. The British national anthem God Save the Queen, was no longer played after closedown on television stations. The Chinese national anthem, March of the Volunteers was now played instead.
  7. At international sporting events such as the Olympics, Hong Kong was now known as Hong Kong, China. Hong Kong athletes and teams compete under the Hong Kong SAR flag instead of the British flag of Hong Kong, and gold medallists were honoured with the Chinese national anthem, instead of the British national anthem.
  8. The Court of Final Appeal replaced the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council as the highest court of appeal.
  9. The Supreme Court was replaced by the High Court.
  10. The Attorney General was replaced by the Secretary for Justice.
  11. The Central People's Government was now formally represented in Hong Kong by a Liaison Office, dealing with domestic matters. This had been established under British rule as the Xinhua News Agency Hong Kong Branch, before it adopted its present name in 2000.
  12. The Hong Kong SAR Government was now formally represented in Beijing by the Office of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
  13. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China was represented in Hong Kong by a Commissioner.
  14. The People's Liberation Army established a Garrison, taking over responsibility for defence from British Forces Overseas Hong Kong. The Prince of Wales Building was renamed the Chinese People's Liberation Army Forces Hong Kong Building, while the Prince of Wales Barracks was similarly renamed the Central Barracks, with effect from January 2002.
  15. Flags were no longer flown at the Cenotaph to remember the war dead; previously British troops raised flags representing the British Army, Royal Navy and Royal Air Force every morning, lowering them again before sunset.
  16. Government House was not used as the residence of the first chief executive, Tung Chee-hwa. However, his successor, Donald Tsang, moved into the compound in 2006.
  17. Queen Elizabeth II's portrait was removed from public offices. Coins issued since 1993 no longer had the Queen's head, instead having the Bauhinia.
  18. Postage stamps now displayed the words "Hong Kong, China". A set of definitive stamps, bearing the words "Hong Kong" with no connotation of sovereignty, was introduced in January 1997.
  19. The "Royal" title was dropped from almost all organisations that had been granted it, with the exception of the Royal Hong Kong Yacht Club.
  20. The Crown was removed from the crest of the Hong Kong Police Force, and replaced by the Bauhinia.
  21. Legal references to the "Crown" were replaced by references to the "State". Barristers who had been appointed Queen's Counsel would now be known as Senior Counsel.
  22. The British honours system was replaced by a local system, in which the Grand Bauhinia Medal was the highest award.
  23. Public holidays changed, with British-inspired occasions, such as the Queen's Official Birthday, Liberation Day, and Remembrance Day being replaced by PRC National Day and Hong Kong SAR Establishment Day. Double Ten Day, commemorating the establishment of the Republic of China, was abolished as a public holiday in 1950.
  24. Many of the red Royal Mail pillar boxes were removed from the streets of Hong Kong and replaced by green Hongkong Post boxes. All others were re-painted.
  25. British citizens (without right of abode in Hong Kong) were no longer able to work in Hong Kong without a visa; the policy was changed on 1 April 1997.
  26. The United Kingdom was now represented by the British Consulate-General, which reports directly to the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. This has responsibility for British citizens, instead of the Hong Kong Immigration Department. Previously, the country's commercial interests were represented by a British Trade Commission. It was headed by a Senior Trade Commissioner, who became the first Consul-General.
  27. Hong Kong was no longer linked to the Commonwealth and no longer participated in related organisations or events. Consular missions of Commonwealth member states in Hong Kong were no longer known as Commissions, but as Consulates-General.
  28. Countries which did not have diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom, but had diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China, such as North Korea and Iran, were allowed to establish or re-open Consulates-General.
  29. Consulates of countries which maintained diplomatic relations with Taiwan were closed. Only South Africa, which was to establish relations with the People's Republic of China from 1998, was allowed to keep its Consulate General open for an interim period.
  30. Hong Kong's aircraft registration prefix changed from VR to B, bringing it into line with mainland China and Taiwan.
  31. Newspapers, such as the South China Morning Post, changed to heading their pages with "National", rather than "Local" and 'China', and began including Chinese names in Chinese characters. However, the online edition still uses "China" and only displays Chinese names in Roman script.
  32. A giant golden statue of a Bauhinia blakeana was erected in a public space outside the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre, named Golden Bauhinia Square, along with a Reunification Monument.

Beijing Police cleared more than 60,000-people off Tiananmen Square for the final preparations of the all-night official celebration gala to mark the handover of Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China at 3pm. Chris Patten had departed for Britannia, Jiang Zemin and Li Peng also arrived on a Boeing 747. British Hong Kong troops farewell ceremony was held at 6.00pm. Governor Chris Patten began his speech with "Today is a day of celebration, not sorrow". A farewell ceremony and cocktail reception began at 7.30pm with 4,000 guests. Tony Blair had meet with Jiang Zemin at 7.45pm. About 500 People's Liberation Army vehicles crossed the border from China to Hong Kong at 9.00pm. Pro-democracy advocates protest at the Legislative Council in preparation of Chinese rule. Beijing celebrations including live performances and fireworks were expected to run it for 7 hours from 10pm.

The handover ceremony began on 30 June 1997 at 11.30pm, before the national anthem - at 11.55pm, Moments before midnight the British Union Flag and Hong Kong Blue Ensign were slowly lowered to the British national anthem "God Save the Queen," symbolising the end of British colonial rule in Hong Kong.

Sovereignty of Hong Kong is officially transferred from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China on 1 July 1997 at 12 midnight. The Chinese national flag and new Hong Kong regional flag were simultaneously raised to the Chinese national anthem "March of the Volunteers". President Jiang Zemin gave a speech expressing his optimism for the "one country, two systems" implementation. Grand celebrations begin in the mainland with fireworks displays over Tiananmen Square. 15 minutes later, Charles, Prince of Wales and Governor Chris Patten with his family, bid the citizens of Hong Kong farewell at the Tamar site. They boarded HMY Britannia and sailed to the Philippines before heading back from the People's Republic of China to the United Kingdom. They were escorted by HMS Chatham. Prime Minister Tony Blair and other British officials flew out by a British Airways Boeing 777-200ER from Kai Tak Airport to London's Heathrow Airport.

At 1.30am, a swearing in ceremony was held at the Hong Kong Convention & Exhibition Centre (HKCEC) for Tung Chee-hwa, Anson Chan, Donald Tsang and Elsie Leung.

4,000-People's Liberation Army troops from the Hong Kong Garrison arrive by land, air and sea at 6am, followed by commemorating the new government at 10am. The 1997 Hong Kong Spectacular featuring Causeway Bay to Victoria Harbour formal Central, Hong Kong fireworks display begins at 8pm.

The handover marked the end of British rule in Hong Kong, which was Britain's last substantial overseas territory. Although in statute law set down by Parliament, British Hong Kong had no status of pre-eminence vis-a-vis the other British Dependent Territories (as they were then classified before the term British Overseas Territory was introduced in 2002), Hong Kong was by far the most populous and economically potent.

The cession of Hong Kong meant that Britain's remaining territories (excepting the United Kingdom itself) henceforth consisted either of uninhabited lands (for instance the British Antarctic Territory), small islands or micro land masses (such as Montserrat), territories used as military bases (for example Akrotiri and Dhekelia on the island of Cyprus, itself a former crown colony granted independence in 1960), or a combination of the latter two (like Gibraltar). And while many of Britain's remaining territories are significant to the global economy by virtue of being offshore financial centres (Bermuda, the British Virgin Islands, and the Cayman Islands being the most prominent of these), their economies are insubstantial. Demographically, they are also tiny compared to Britain, with a collective population of less than 0.4% of Britain's 2017 population of 66 millions.

The removal of social distancing restrictions for the travel bubble between Singapore and Hong Kong is a good step, as airlines will exempt social distancing to save costs.

Protests[]

Main article: Hong Kong protests

HK E-Toll[]

Date Tunnel Changes
6 May 2023 Eagle's Nest Tunnel, Sha Tin Heights Tunnel, Tai Wai Tunnel
21 May 2023 Shing Mun Tunnel NA40, NA41, N42A and 482 will be diverted via Tai Wai Tunnel, Sha Tin Heights Tunnel and Eagle's Nest Tunnel.
28 May 2023 Lion Rock Tunnel N170, N182, N271, N281 and N373 will be diverted to Tai Po Road. 61S, 63S, 65S, 501S and 616S will be diverted to Tai Po Road. 805S will be diverted to Tate's Cairn Tunnel.
23 July 2023 Cross Harbour Tunnel N11, N118, N121, N122, N170, N171, N182 and N373 will be diverted to Eastern Harbour Crossing. N368 and 49S will be diverted to Western Harbour Crossing.
5 August 2023 Western Harbour Crossing N962 and N969 will be diverted to Cross Harbour Tunnel.
27 August 2023 Eastern Harbour Crossing N619, N680 and N691 will be diverted to Cross Harbour Tunnel.
26 November 2023 Tate's Cairn Tunnel N680 will be diverted to Lion Rock Tunnel.
24 December 2023 Aberdeen Tunnel N72, N90, N170 and N171, will be diverted via Nam Fung Road, Deep Water Bay Road, Wong Nai Chung Gap Road and the vicinity of Happy Valley, while three Hong Kong Island overnight green minibus routes, namely Nos. N4A, N4C and N40, will be diverted via Nam Fung Road, Deep Water Bay Road, Wong Nai Chung Gap Road and Stubbs Road.

Military[]

  • San Wai Firing Range
  • Tai Ling Firing Range
  • Tsing Shan Firing Range

Towns[]

Kap Shui Mun[]

Kap Shui Mun (Chinese: 汲水門) or Throat Gates (historically spelled Capsuimoon) is the channel between Lantau Island and Ma Wan in Hong Kong. It is part of major sea route along the coast of South China, from Victoria Harbour to the Pearl River. It joins north with Urmston Road. Kap Shui Mun Bridge, part of Route 8, spans the channel.

Ma Wan Channel[]

Ma Wan Channel (Chinese: 馬灣海峽) is a channel between Ma Wan and Tsing Yi islands in Hong Kong. The north end of the channel is Ting Kau where it joins the Rambler Channel. To the west it joins with the Kap Shui Mun channel running to the south of Ma Wan, leading into Urmston Road. To the east, it divides into the Tsing Yi Channel and the Rambler Channel, leading to Tsuen Wan and Kwai Chung. To the south is the Western Working Anchorage of Victoria Harbour.

A long suspension bridge, the Tsing Ma Bridge, connects Ma Wan and Tsing Yi, bridging across the Ma Wan channel. One of the bridge towers stands on an artificial island near the Ma Wan side of the channel.

Historically, it is also known as Kai Tap Mun (雞踏門) or Kai Tsap Mun (雞閘門).

Ng Kwu Leng[]

Ng Kwu Leng is the hill in Hong Kong, near to Lantau.

Cafe de Coral[]

Café de Coral (Template:Zh) is a fast food franchise based in Hong Kong owned by the Café de Coral group. The chain is one of the largest and most popular fast food chains in Hong Kong with more than 120 restaurants in operation (as of March 2004).[1] It was established in 1968 and today caters to about 300,000 people on an average day.

In February 2006, it announced that it would spend approximately HK$100 million in introducing its new 4G design of its restaurants. This would renovate its restaurants to include plasma televisions, chromatic mirrors, and Italian marble and leather upholstery.

Holidays[]

Hong Kong has been living it for the SG50, where I had been in 2007 (Betsy Koh, Ernest Mok and Timothy Mok went there), 2010 and 2014 (Daniel Mok had went there). The transfer of sovereignity came in the 1997, and had a lot of places opened: the Hong Kong International Airport (1998), the Hong Kong Disneyland (2005) and Ngong Ping 360 (2006). The Lok Ma Chau checkpoint was also opened in August 2007, and the Kowloon Southern Link was opened on November 2009. The hotels were originally at Ramada Hotel in Tsim Sha Tsui for March 2007, whereas it was replaced by Metropark Mong Kok in the subsequent holiday.

The third day of Hong Kong consists of the Hong Kong Disneyland. We took the Disneyland Resort Line across, connected through the Sunny Bay. Rubi Shoes (Red Primo Flat) is easily spotted in 2010, through a lot of students also went from Hong Kong schools. And the Rubi Shoes normally in Singapore that I easily spotted consisted of the bronze and grey Primo Flats.

The fourth day of Hong Kong consists of the Ngong Ping 360. We took the Tung Chung Line across. From here, you can also see the rumbling of the trains, traversing at 110 km/h.

The fifth day of Hong Kong consists of the Stanley Market and Happy Valley.

The sixth day of Hong Kong consists of the The Peak Galleria and The Peak Tram. Actually it was planned to take bus service 15C which is the open-top version from 2000 to 2014. Several amenities include Madame Tussauds Hong Kong.

The seventh day of Hong Kong consists of where Jeremy Mok and Daisy Ang also went to Macau, where they can enjoy gambling there.

Other times we will see direct excursion to the Shenzhen (Window of the World). From there, Huang Wen also stays in Tung Chung as the second home besides Singapore, which she has went there in 2011. AsiaWorld-Expo has the similar replica in Honolulu.

Politics[]

Murray MacLehose has introduced compulsory education in Hong Kong, the construction of the MTR, establishment of Country Parks and satellite new towns such as Tuen Mun, expansion of community facilities, the adoption of Chinese as an official language, paid holidays, increase the number of schools and hospitals, and did quite a lot of things.

In 1979, MacLehose raised the question of Britain's 99-year lease of the New Territories (an area that encompasses all territories north of Boundary Street on the Kowloon Peninsula), with Deng Xiaoping. The talks, although inconclusive at the time, eventually involved top British Government officials and paved the way for the handover of the Hong Kong in its entirety, including those parts ceded to the UK in perpetuity, to the People's Republic of China on 1 July 1997.

Patten's most controversial actions in Hong Kong are related to the 1994 Hong Kong electoral reform. Legco members returned in 1995 were originally to serve beyond the handover, thereby providing institutional continuity across the transition of Hong Kong to the PRC. Beijing had expected that the use of functional constituencies with limited electorates would be used to elect this council, however Patten extended the definition of functional constituencies and thus virtually every Hong Kong subject was able to vote for the so-called indirectly elected members (see Politics of Hong Kong) of the Legislative Council.

Anson Chan[]

From 1987 to 1993, Anson Chan was Secretary for Economic Services, becoming the 30th and last Chief Secretary, the head of the Hong Kong civil service, in 1993. She mainly oversaw the localisation of the civil service during her time in this position. From 1994, she headed the Airport Development Steering Committee overseeing the construction of the new Chek Lap Kok Airport. In the run-up to the handover of Hong Kong, she was often the 'face of Hong Kong', dispatched to reassure the wider world that the territory would not implode upon its return to China and that civil liberties would be upheld. Her confidence reassured many around the globe.

Within Hong Kong she had wide public support to be the first Chief Executive in the new administration but announced in October 1996 that she would not seek the role.

In 1998, Chan was somewhat criticised for her role in the monitoring of the new Hong Kong International Airport construction at Chek Lap Kok. The airport had logistical difficulties upon its opening, and some blamed Chan for her lack of supervision.

As Special Administrative Region (SAR)[]

The following Chief Executive of Hong Kong are:

  • 1997 - 2005: Tung Chee-hwa (b. 1937)
  • 2005 - 2012: Donald Tsang (b. 1944)
  • 2012 - 2017: Leung Chun-ying (b. 1954)
  • 2017 - present: Carrie Lam (b. 1957)

Tung Chee-hwa had pledged to focus on the housing, elderly and education. Measures on housing included a pledge to provide 85,000 housing flats each year so as to resolve the problems of soaring property prices. The Asian financial crisis that hit Hong Kong in months after Tung took office made this objective almost immediately redundant and, in fact, it was a collapse in property prices that became a far more pressing problem in the years between 1998 and 2002. He also helped to open the Hong Kong International Airport in 6 July 1998.

Chief Secretary for Administration Donald Tsang served as acting Chief Executive from 12 March to 25 May 2005 and Financial Secretary Henry Tang acted from 25 May to 21 June 2005.

Following his re-election as the Chief Executive in 2007, Tsang set out the 5-year blueprint for the third term of the SAR government in his 2007–08 policy address. He stressed the importance of "progressive development", a core element of which is the promotion of community development through revitalisation of the built heritage in the city which is to be realised by promoting economic development through infrastructure projects. Ten large-scale infrastructure projects were also proposed within his term of office to boost economic activities to improve the living environment in Hong Kong: (1) MTR Southern District Extension; (2) MTR Sha Tin to Central Link; (3) Tuen Mun Western Bypass and Tuen Mun–Chek Lap Kok Link; (4) Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link; (5) Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge; (6) Hong Kong-Shenzhen Airport Co-operation; (7) Hong Kong-Shenzhen Joint Development of the Lok Ma Chau Loop; (8) West Kowloon Cultural District; (9) Kai Tak Development Plan; and (10) New Development Areas at Kwu Tung North, Fanling North, Ping Che and Ta Kwu Ling and Hung Shui Kiu.

Carrie Lam[]

In July 2017, the Lam administration proposed co-location arrangement of the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link (XRL), and for the Jolin's administration proposed co-location arrangement of the Kuala Lumpur-Singapore High Speed Rail has sparked concerns that it might constitute a breach of the Basic Law and undermine Hong Kong's autonomy of "One Country, Two Systems", especially regarding the immigration control issue. In January 2018, Carrie Lam slammed the Hong Kong Bar Association for its criticism on the "co-location arrangement" which would allow the mainland customs officers will be allowed to set up checkpoints and exercise jurisdiction at the West Kowloon Station as well as Jurong East HSR station. The Bar Association criticised the arrangement for distortion of the Basic Law, stating it damages the rule of law in Hong Kong as Article 18 was clearly written and leaves no room for any interpretation which would allow Chinese law to apply in any certain part of HKSAR.

Lam defended the bill and responded by stating that "some Hong Kong legal professionals have an elitist mentality or double standards, that is, they think that Hong Kong’s legal system is supreme, and that the mainland legal system – a big country with a 1.3 billion population – is wrong." Her statement prompted widespread disbelief as she appeared to defend Chinese legal system being better than Hong Kong's legal system which is derived from British system, accusing her of hypocrisy as she herself is seen as an elite out of touch with society, damaging the One Country, Two Systems principle and for attacking the character instead of the arguments of Hong Kong's lawyers.

The long-debated plan was finally passed on 14 June 2018 in the Legislative Council by 40 to 20 votes after Legislative Council President Andrew Leung capped debate time for the bill at 36 hours to counter pro-democrats' filibustering. The cross-border Express Rail Link was opened on 22 September 2018, followed by the opening of another cross-border infrastructure Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge on 23 October 2018 by Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping. Lam entering the venue side-by-side with Xi and ahead of Macau Chief Executive Fernando Chui and First Vice Premier Han Zheng. The entrance raised eyebrows among those who saw it as a departure from protocol for her to walk in front of top mainland officials.

In October 2018, Lam launched a development plan in her second policy address which suggested the construction of artificial islands with a total area of about 1,700 hectares through massive land reclamation near Kau Yi Chau and Hei Ling Chau of the eastern waters of Lantau Island. The project meets with controversies and opposition for its high cost of estimated HK$500 billion (US$63.8 billion) – amounting to half of the city’s fiscal reserves, as well as environmental concerns.

The Lam administration first presented a cross-harbour tunnel toll plan in January 2019 to balance the traffic between the three cross-harbour tunnels by raising tolls at the publicly operated overused Cross-Harbour Tunnel and Eastern Harbour Tunnel, while lowering them for the privately run Western Harbour Tunnel which was underused because of its higher charges. But Secretary for Transport and Housing Frank Chan abruptly withdrew it after strong opposition from the Legislative Council. The government made two changes to the motion in the hope of getting more support, but legislators across the political spectrum remained unconvinced. In March, Carrie Lam said her government has decided to shelve the plan for the second time as the government could not get enough votes in the legislature, symbolising the first defeat of the Lam administration.

Transport[]

Hong Kong has a highly developed, sophisticated transport network. Over 90 per cent of daily trips are made on public transport, the highest percentage in the world. The Octopus card, one of the contactless payment card is being accepted in railways, buses and ferries. The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge, officially the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge, is a 55-kilometre (34 mi) bridge–tunnel system consisting of a series of three cable-stayed bridges, an undersea tunnel, and four artificial islands. It is both the longest sea crossing and the longest open-sea fixed link on earth. The HZMB spans the Lingding and Jiuzhou channels, connecting Hong Kong, Macau, and Zhuhai—three major cities on the Pearl River Delta.

On December 19, the MTR Corporation Limited, franchised buses and Hong Kong Tramways will provide free rides for the public. The Transport Department reminds the public to pay attention to the scope of free rides and relevant arrangements.

  • MTR: Domestic MTR services, including Light Rail and bus, excluding Airport Express
  • Bus: KMB, NWFB, Citybus and Long Win Bus, with the exception of Airport bus services, "B" bus services, Rickshaw Sightseeing Bus, "N" overnight services and "P" premium services.
  • Tramways: All tram routes.

Bus[]

Operator Model Number Year Replacement
Dennis Trident 3 ATR2 - ATR100, ATR102 - ATR138 1997 Dennis Dragon (N1-N136)
Dennis Trident 3 ATR139 - ATR188 1998 Dennis Dragon (N97-N146)
Dennis Trident 3 ATR189 - ATR298, ATS1 - ATS50 1999 Dennis Dragon (N147-N364)
Dennis Trident 3 ATS51 - ATS100 2000 Leyland Olympian and MCW Metrobus
Dennis Trident 3 ATS101 - ATS150 2002 Leyland Olympian and MCW Metrobus
Dennis Trident 3 ATR299 - ATR392 2002 MCW Metrobus (S3M1-S3M45, S3M187-S3M232)
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 ATE1 - ATE23, ATE25, ATE26, ATE28, ATE30, ATE33, ATE45 2002 MCW Metrobus (S3M187-S3M232), Dennis Trident 3 (ATR6), Neoplan Centroliner (AP69)
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 ATE24, ATE27, ATE29, ATE31 - ATE32, ATE34 - ATE44, ATE46 - ATE232 2003 Dennis Dragon (S3N2-S3N221)
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 ATE233 - ATE271 2005 Leyland Olympian (S3BL326-S3BL370)
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 ATEU2 - ATEU10 2008 Leyland Olympian (AL42-AL49), Alexander Dennis Enviro500 (ATE180)
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 ATEU11 - ATEU36 2009 Dennis Dragon (S3N271-S3N296)
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 8000 - 8065 2012 Dennis Trident 3 (2100-2161)
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 9100 - 9148 2012 Volvo Olympian (901-918, 920-950)
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 8321 - 8360 2012 Dennis Dragon (846-849, 851-853, 855-860) and Volvo Olympian (475-504)
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 4040 - 4051 2013 Volvo Olympian (VA38-VA45), Dennis Trident 3 (1053, 3043), Dennis Condor (DA67, DA68)
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 8361 - 8399, 8402 - 8466 2013 Volvo Olympian (511-585, 601-610, 621-635, 986-988, 991)
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 8467 - 8506 2014 Dennis Dragon (861-880), Volvo Olympian (586-600), Dennis Trident 3 (2200, 2201), MAN 24.350 (2500), Volvo Olympian (951-952)
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 8507 - 8536 2014 Dennis Trident 3 (2202-2231), MAN NL262 (1528-1533)
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 5583 - 5599, 5601 - 5669 2014 Dennis Condor (DA69-DA92), Volvo Olympian (VA51-VA56, VA58-VA61, VA63, VA65-VA76), Dennis Trident 3 (1001-1030, 1047, 1148)
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 4052 - 4091 2015 Dennis Trident 3 (14XX, 16XX, 3601)
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 5670 - 5719 2015 Dennis Trident 3 (10XX, 11XX, 30XX, 1211), Dennis Dart SLF (2061-2094)
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 6301 - 6384 2015 Volvo Olympian (611-620, 636-679, 682, 683, 9041, 9042, 953, 954), Dennis Trident 3 (2115, 2116), MAN NL262 (15xx)
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 6385 - 6413 2015 Volvo Olympian (324-329, 680, 681, 684-699, 9021-9040), Dennis Trident 3 (2288-2301, 2700)
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 6501 - 6549 2015 Dennis Trident 3 (2232-2277, 2286, 2287, 2303)
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 6550 - 6568 2015 Dennis Trident 3 (2214, 2227-2231, 2278-2285)
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 6100 - 6129 2015 Dennis Trident 3 (10XX-11XX, 30XX), Volvo B10TL (5001-5040)
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 6800 - 6811 2016 MAN NL262 (1560-1569)
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 6444 - 6452 2017 Dennis Trident 3 (2302, 2304-2310)
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 5720 - 5749 2017 Volvo B10TL (5001-5040), Neoplan Centroliner (6001)
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 6130 - 6175 2017 Dennis Trident 3 (11XX), Volvo B10TL (5001-5040), Neoplan Centroliner (6002)
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 6176 - 6197 2017 Volvo B10TL (5001-5040)
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 5750 - 5839 2017 Volvo B10TL (5041-5079), Neoplan Centroliner (6003-6030), Dennis Trident 3 (3341-3354, 3357-3360, 1210, 1212-1214, 1220-1221), Volvo B10TL (5080-5103, to be transferred to non-franchised)
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 6198 - 6209 2017 Volvo B10TL (5041-5079), Neoplan Centroliner (6003-6030), Dennis Trident 3 (3341-3354, 3357-3360, 1210, 1212-1214, 1220-1221), Volvo B10TL (5080-5103, to be transferred to non-franchised)
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 8537 - 8546, 6453 - 6459 2017 Scania K94UB (2800), resale to NWFB (8373-8375, 8379-8390)
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 6844 - 6871 2018 Alexander Dennis Enviro500 (8203-8207, to be transferred to non-franchised), Alexander Dennis Enviro500 (8525-8536, to be transferred to NWFB)
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 6460 - 6497 2019 Alexander Dennis Enviro500 (8208-8234, to be transferred to non-franchised) and Youngman JNP6105GR (1812-1815)
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 5840 - 5851 2020 Dennis Trident 3 (1215-1219, 3355, 3356), Alexander Dennis Enviro500 (5555-5558)

Alternative Routes[]

  • Central Rail Link: West Rail Line from Kam Sheung Road to Mei Foo, Tsuen Wan Line and Kwun Tong Line from Mei Foo to Kowloon Tong
  • East Kowloon Line: Kwun Tong Line from Diamond Hill to Tiu Keng Leng and Tseung Kwan O Line from Yau Tong to Po Lam
  • North Island Line: Island Line from Central to North Point
  • Tuen Ma Line (Integrated): East Rail Line from Tai Wai to Hung Hom, Tsuen Wan Line and Kwun Tong Line from Tsim Sha Tsui to Diamond Hill
  • Tung Chung Line: Tsuen Wan Line from Lai King to Central

Industrial Estates[]

  • Tai Po Industrial Estate: 72A, 73, 74F, 263C, 265S, 274P
  • Tseung Kwan O Industrial Estate: 98, 290B, 298E, 298F, 793, 796X, 797, 797M, 798P, 798X
  • Tsing Yi Industrial Estate: 41A, 44M, 948P, E32
  • Yuen Long Industrial Estate: K68

Bus[]

There are several bus operations in Hong Kong - Citybus, New World First Bus, Kowloon Motor Bus, Long Win Bus and New Lantao Bus. Franchise buses altogether carry about one-third of the total daily public transport market of around 12,000,000 passengers, with KMB having 67% of the franchised bus market share, CityBus with 16% and New World First Bus with 13%. There are also a variety of non-franchised public buses services, including feeder bus services to railway stations operated by the railway companies, and residents' services for residential estates (particularly those in the New Territories).

Before NWFB commenced, franchised bus service in Hong Kong Island was provided by China Motor Bus (CMB) (franchisee since 1933) and Citybus (franchisee since 1991). In the early 1990s, the service levels of CMB were in decline. Therefore, the Government of Hong Kong started to introduce new competitors by transferring the franchise of CMB routes to other companies. As a result, Citybus became the 2nd franchisee of the bus service on Hong Kong Island. Over 40 routes were transferred between 1991 and 1995.

The former Singapore Bus Services Leyland Atlanteans were sold to Citybus in 1993 instead of being scrapped. Citybus had to find buses to take over 26 bus services from the CMB back then - at most the CMB had been invested in their reliability of bus services while it became bad to worst.

In February 1998, the government announced the franchise for all 140 routes operated by China Motor Bus would not be reviewed when it expired on 31 August 1998. Eighty-eight of the routes were placed to open tender, 12 routes were transferred directly to Citybus, one cross-harbour route to Kowloon Motor Bus, and the remaining routes were cancelled.

Since losing its franchise, its main business focus shifted to real estate, by developing former bus depot properties which it owned. There was a free shuttle bus service operated by the company between Island Place (one of the CMB's real estate developments) near the North Point MTR station and North Point Government Offices with a Volvo B6LE, acquired from Citybus, along with eight Marshall C37 bodied Dennis Darts. However, this service ceased on 30 June 2015 as the new environmental protection ordinance enforced to phase out pre Euro IV diesel commercial vehicles. It was replaced from the Volvo Olympians that were being sold in 2001-02.

In August 2002, NWFB withdrew its last non-air-conditioned buses and became the second franchised bus company to operate fully air-conditioned bus fleet.

Due to the limited fleet resources at the start of A10 in 2006, and low expected passenger volume, Citybus spent nearly 1 million Hong Kong dollars to modify MAN NL262 single decker bus into airport bus specifications; including luggage racks, replacing high-back seats, closing the original middle door and having advertisements on the route.

Date Changes Operator
5 August 1972 101 is introduced KMB, CMB
102 is introduced KMB, CMB
103 is introduced KMB, CMB
28 January 1973 104 is introduced KMB, CMB
1 October 1973 112 is introduced KMB, CMB
1 January 1974 105 is introduced KMB, CMB
1 January 1975 111 is introduced KMB, CMB
12 October 1975 170 is introduced KMB, CMB
23 November 1975 106 is introduced KMB, CMB
16 May 1976 113 is introduced KMB, CMB
16 March 1978 116 is introduced KMB, CMB
7 December 1981 108 is introduced KMB
5 May 1986 109 is introduced KMB, CMB
23 June 1986 107 is introduced KMB, CMB
17 August 1987 110 is introduced KMB, CMB
2 February 1988 141 is introduced, originally planned to be 101X KMB, CMB
30 May 1989 119 is introduced KMB, CMB
12 August 1989 182 is introduced KMB, CMB
22 September 1989 601 is introduced (originally planned to be 101E, then 401, and finally set to 601) KMB, CMB
606 is introduced (originally planned to be 106E, then 404, and finally set to 606) KMB, CMB
13 August 1990 690 is introduced (originally planned to be 190, then 490 in 1989 and finally set) KMB, CMB
12 August 1991 307 is introduced KMB, CMB
30 May 1992 114 is introduced, which is affected by the West Kowloon Reclamation Project at the airport's core pier - the Sham Shui Po Pier and Tai Kok Tsui Pier will then be demolished before the end of 1992, so that reclamation works can be carried out at Sham Shui Po and Tai Kok Tsui waterfront areas in January 1993. The authorities need to suspend the operation of Sham Shui Po to Central and Tai Kok Tsui to Central in June 1992, and replaced by 114. KMB, CMB
6 July 1992 680 is introduced from Ma On Shan to Admiralty (East). KMB, CMB
15 March 1993 641 is introduced, replacing 141 and Kwun Tong terminus being shifted KMB, CMB
6 June 1994 171 is introduced KMB, CTB
30 June 1994 603 is introduced KMB
7 November 1994 117 is introduced KMB, CMB
16 January 1995 115 is introduced KMB, CMB
119 is renumbered to 619.
26 June 1995 118 is introduced KMB, CTB
6 December 1995 681 is introduced from Ma On Shan to Central (Hong Kong Station). KMB, CTB
17 February 1997 621 is introduced (originally planned to be 131). It is planned to go from Kennedy Town to Laguna City. KMB, CTB
1 May 1997 In conjunction with the opening of Western Harbour Crossing, 105 is being split into 905 (Kennedy Town - Lai Chi Kok) and 105A (Cross Harbour Toll Plaza - Central). 114 is being renumbered to 914. Also, 905P is introduced, before renumbering to 904. 917 is introduced, as duplicating service 117. KMB, CMB
334 is renumbered to 934, and moved to Western Harbour Crossing. KMB
930 is being introduced CTB
935 and 960 are being introduced KMB
970 is being introduced CMB
29 August 1997 671 is introduced from Ap Lei Chau to Diamond Hill (originally planned to be 692). KMB, CTB
8 September 1997 948 is introduced, replacing 348. KMB, CMB
16 September 1997 905P is renumbered to 904
3 October 1997 961 is introduced KMB
18 October 1997 969 is introduced CTB
19 October 1997 968 is introduced CTB
26 January 1998 973 is introduced CTB
1 June 1998 962 is introduced CTB
9 November 1998 694 is introduced from Sun Tak to Chai Wan (East). NWFB
16 August 1999 917 is withdrawn.
31 March 2000 682 is introduced from Ma On Shan to Chai Wan (East). NWFB
26 August 2002 967 is introduced CTB
16 December 2003 971 is introduced NWFB
27 August 2012 982X is introduced, to reduce congestion along Cross Harbour Tunnel and replace 182P. KMB, CTB
25 November 2013 678 is introduced from Sheung Shui to Causeway Bay (originally planned to be 373B). KMB, CTB
16 June 2014 936 is introduced, replacing 336. KMB
22 August 2015 985 is introduced, replacing 305. KMB, NWFB
978 is introduced, replacing 373A. KMB
978A is introduced. KMB
14 September 2015 673 is introduced from Sheung Shui to Central (Hong Kong Station). KMB
20 February 2017 980X is introduced, to reduce the need of detours due to the Hong Kong protests in 2014. KMB, NWFB
981P is introduced, to reduce congestion along Lei Yue Mun Road and Eastern Harbour Crossing in recent years. KMB, NWFB
18 April 2017 613 is introduced KMB
2 January 2018 980A is introduced KMB, NWFB
27 August 2018 608 is introduced from Kowloon City to Grand Promenade. CTB
20 January 2020 307B is renumbered to 907B
307C is renumbered to 907C 		KMB, CTB
26 April 2021 686 is introduced from Tai Wai to Munsang College. CTB
900 is introduced from Pak Shek Kok to Hong Kong Convention & Exhibition Centre. KMB
933 is introduced from Tsuen Wan West to Munsang College. CTB
976 is introduced from Lok Ma Chau (San Tin) to Munsang College. CTB
989 is introduced from Fo Tan to Munsang College. CTB
10 May 2021 988 is introduced from Chai Wan (East) to Nai Chung to complement 682X. NWFB
19 July 2021 P960 is introduced from Siu Hong to Wan Chai North. KMB
P968 is introduced from Yuen Long (West) to Tin Hau. KMB

Railways[]

The MTR is an extensive passenger network connecting 93 railway stations throughout the territory. Cross-boundary train service to Shenzhen is offered by the East Rail line via Lo Wu and Lok Ma Chau stations, and longer-distance inter-city trains to Guangzhou, Shanghai, and Beijing are operated from Hung Hom Station. Connecting service to the national high-speed rail system is provided at West Kowloon railway station.

The Peak Tram, Hong Kong's first public transport system, has provided funicular rail transport between Central and Victoria Peak since 1888. The Hong Kong Tramways covers most parts of the Hong Kong Island.

Airport[]

In 1998, the Kai Tak Airport was closed. The new Hong Kong International Airport was opened for regular use. The Tsing Ma Bridge, part of the Lantau Link connecting the remote airport site to the city, was the world's second largest suspension bridge when it opened on 27 April 1997. Spanning 1,377 metres (4,518 ft), it is also the largest of all bridges in the world carrying rail traffic.

Infrastructure history[]

Other major transport projects completed in the 1990s include the Tate's Cairn Tunnel (1991), San Tin Highway (1993), Yuen Long Highway (1993), North Lantau Highway (1997), Kap Shui Mun Bridge (1997), Western Harbour Crossing (1997), and Tai Lam Tunnel (1998). Many of these related to the airport project, or to completing the New Territories orbital highway.

Lots of new infrastructure projects had been completed throughout the territory during the 2000s. Examples of those infrastructures includes: For Railway - the completion of MTR Tseung Kwan O Line in 2002, KCR West Rail in 2003, KCR Ma On Shan Rail in 2004, MTR Disneyland Resort Line in 2005, the extension of the Airport Express to AsiaWorld-Expo in 2005, KCR Lok Ma Chau Spur Line in 2007, and MTR Kowloon Southern Link between East Rail Line and West Rail Line from Hung Hom Station to Nam Cheong Station via East Tsim Sha Tsui Station and Austin Station in 2009. For major bridges and tunnels - the completion of Discovery Bay Tunnel in 2000, Nam Wan Tunnel in 2007, Deep Bay Bridge (Hong Kong-Shenzhen Western Corridor) in 2007, Eagle's Nest Tunnel and Sha Tin Heights Tunnel in 2008, and Stonecutters Bridge in 2009.

Highways[]

The Hong Kong Strategic Route and Exit Number System (Chinese: 香港主要幹線及出口編號系統) is a system adopted by the Transport Department of the Hong Kong Government to organise the major roads in the territory into Routes 1 to 10 for the convenience of drivers. When the system was first implemented in 2004, the government launched a major campaign to promote it to the public. One of the slogans was "Remember the Numbers; Make Driving Easier" (Chinese: 認路記號碼，唔使路路查).

The speed limits for most vehicles (see the paragraph below for exceptions) on the Hong Kong highways are 110 km/h for North Lantau Expressway, 100 km/h for the New Territories roads and West Kowloon Highway, 80 km/h for the most expressways and 70 km/h, due to the older ones such as Island Eastern Corridor, East Kowloon Corridor, West Kowloon Corridor and Tsuen Wan Road. A speeding offence less than 10 km/h over the speed limit is not usually enforced - many drivers in Hong Kong travel within this range. Cameras will shoot when it is above 15 km/h, with their fines imposed.

As stipulated by the Laws of Hong Kong Cap 374 s 40 (5) and (5A), medium goods vehicles, heavy goods vehicles and buses or any vehicle driven by a driver with a probationary driving licence shall travel no faster than the speed limit of the road or 70 km/h, whichever is slower; while minibuses shall travel no faster than the speed limit of the road or 80 km/h, whichever is slower. Many vehicles of these types actually ignore this and simply follow the speed limit of the road on the Hong Kong highways, thereby committing speeding offence. However, this law is not usually enforced - cameras are not tuned to be triggered differently by these types of vehicle.

  • 1: Aberdeen - Ho Man Tin
  • 3: Tsing Yi - Kowloon
  • 4: Causeway Bay - Sheung Wan
  • 5: Central Hong Kong
  • 8: Tsing Yi - Airport

There are also two Asian Highway networks.

  • AH368 - from Chek Lap Kok to Sha Tin
  • AH374 - from Guangzhou to Kennedy Town

As the name suggests, express highways have higher speed limits than normal roads. The express highway adopts a fully enclosed design, and there are no traffic lights along the way. The connection points with other connecting roads are connected through interchanges, layered roads, overpasses or branch roads to facilitate vehicles to the destination. All direction and driving directions signs on the highway have a green background to distinguish them from the blue background of ordinary roads. As express highways are designed for vehicles to travel at high speeds, except for traffic congestion caused by traffic accidents or road works, vehicles should not drive slowly to avoid obstructing traffic.

Vehicles can travel faster on expressways. At present, most expressways in Hong Kong have a speed limit of 70 to 80 kilometers per hour, and some reach a speed of 100 kilometers per hour. The expressway with the loosest speed limit in Hong Kong is the North Lantau Highway has a speed limit of 110 kilometers per hour. However, there are exceptions. For example, the Connaught Road West Flyover is not included in the expressway, but the speed limit is 80 kilometers per hour, which is more relaxed than the 70 kilometers per hour of the Eastern Corridor, the only statutory expressway on Hong Kong Island.

Due to legal restrictions, the maximum speed of heavy vehicles (such as buses) and "P" vehicles (that is, the driver only holds a probationary driving license) is 70 kilometers per hour, so the maximum speed of buses on express highways is 70 kilometers per hour, and three lanes The right lane cannot be used for the above traffic lanes. On the other hand, in order to combat the speeding of public light buses, the government mandates that light buses install speed limiters, so that the maximum speed of light buses can only reach 80 kilometers per hour. Subject to the fully enclosed design, no bus stop is allowed on the express highway. If a stop is required, the section of the bus stop must be excluded from the express highway, such as the Tuen Mun Highway interchange station. In tunnel control areas, including tunnel pipes and toll plazas, regardless of the speed limit, they cannot be included in the expressway area. Some of the lower passages are classified as expressways, but most of them are branch roads.

Number and Name Length
(km)		 Speed limit (km/h)
File:HK Route9.svg Tuen Mun Road Template:Convert[2] 70/80
Hong Kong Link Road Template:Convert 100
File:HK Route8.svg North Lantau Highway Template:Convert 110
File:HK Route3.svg Tsing Long Highway Template:Convert 80/100
File:HK Route9.svg Tolo Highway Template:Convert 100
File:HK Route9.svg Fanling Highway Template:Convert 80/100
File:HK Route9.svg Yuen Long Highway Template:Convert 80
File:HK Route4.svg Island Eastern Corridor Template:Convert 70
File:HK Route9.svg San Tin Highway Template:Convert 100
File:HK Route10.svg Hong Kong–Shenzhen Western Corridor Template:Convert 100
File:HK Route10.svg Kong Sham Western Highway Template:Convert 80
File:HK Route3.svg West Kowloon Highway Template:Convert 100
File:HK Route2.svg Tate's Cairn Highway Template:Convert 80
Sha Lek Highway Template:Convert 80
File:HK Route5.svg Tsuen Wan Road Template:Convert 70
File:HK Route8.svg Lantau Link Template:Convert 80
File:HK Route3.svg Tsing Kwai Highway Template:Convert 80
File:HK Route1.svg Sha Tin Road Template:Convert 80
File:HK Route2.svg Kwun Tong Bypass Template:Convert 70/80
File:HK Route9.svg Tai Po Road – Sha Tin Section Template:Convert[3] 80
Penny's Bay Highway Template:Convert 80
File:HK Route3.svg Cheung Tsing Highway Template:Convert 80

In recent years, the road network in Hong Kong has been improving day by day, and many expressways have been opened to traffic. In order to save travel time and allow passengers to reach their destinations faster, express lines have emerged. This type of route usually adopts "point-to-point" alignment and takes the express highway to achieve the effect of reaching the destination directly. The first batch of express lines was the "East Link Express" between the Eastern District and Central. It was put into service in June 1984. The route number is distinguished by the prefix 7 and a higher fare is specially set. In the early development of the express line, the suffix "X" was the express line label. However, in recent years, in order to compete with railways, bus companies have increased the speed of many assembly lines (for example, NWFB line 8 has been completely reorganized), and even opened more express routes to fight for more customers, there are now many express lines that do not end in "X". At present, express routes have become the general trend in the development of bus routes. More new express highways and more railways have been completed to trigger direct competition. In addition, in recent years, the government has implemented regional bus route reorganization, making the situation of “express” bus routes more obvious. For example, in 2014, the reorganization of the regional bus routes in Sha Tin District put forward a number of proposals to change the routes in the district to Tsing Sha Highway, such as the change of Route 86C to Route 286C, Route 87A to Route 287X, and Route 72X in Tai Po District to Route 272X Wait. However, due to repeated objections by district councilors for blindly using the Tsing Sha highway network without significantly speeding up and affecting passengers on some of the original sections, in the end, only the 287X line could replace the 87A line all day, and the 272X and 286C lines were only available on Mondays. In the five peak hours of service, 72X and 86C lines maintain daily service all day, but the latter will no longer detour around Che Kung Temple Road and Tai Wai. However, the bus company is still actively arranging more routes or trips to take the newly built expressway. For example, Route 286C will finally be upgraded to full-day operation on March 29, 2020, and the old route 86C will provide a full-day service connecting Ma On Shan to Sham Shui Po at the same time.

MTR[]

Main article: MTR

West Kowloon Station[]

West Kowloon, is the terminus and only station of the Hong Kong section of the Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link (HSR). The station connects to the mainland China section through a dedicated tunnel and includes a Mainland Port Area where the laws of mainland China are enforced. It was constructed by MTR Corporation.

Route Routing Operator
W1 HSR West Kowloon Station - Jardine House, Connaught Road Central - Admiralty MTR Station Citybus (Hong Kong)
W2 HSR West Kowloon Station - Kwun Tong Station, via Lam Tin and Kowloon Bay Kowloon Motor Bus
W3 HSR West Kowloon Station - Sheung Shui, via Tai Po, Sha Tin and Tsing Sha Highway Kowloon Motor Bus

Future Projects[]

  1. Northern Link
    1. The Northern Link project comprises the construction of Kwu Tung Station on the existing Lok Ma Chau Spur Line of East Rail Line, and the construction of a 10.7-kilometre long main line between the existing Tuen Ma Line Kam Sheung Road Station and Kwu Tung Station with three intermediate stations at Au Tau, Ngau Tam Mei and San Tin. The completed Northern Link together with the existing East Rail Line and Tuen Ma Line will form a railway loop linking up the New Territories and Kowloon, which will not only improve the connection of existing railway network, serving the Kwu Tung North New Development Area and the San Tin Technopole, but also unleash the potential of land around Au Tau, Ngau Tam Mei and San Tin, driving the developments in these areas.
    2. Construction works of Kwu Tung Station commenced in September 2023 for completion in 2027 to support the major new population intake of Kwu Tung North New Development Area. The detailed planning and design of Northern Link Main Line is underway. The construction works are anticipated to commence in 2025 for completion in 2034 to support the developments around the San Tin Technopole, Ngau Tam Mei and Au Tau.
  2. Northern Link (NOL) Spur Line
    1. The proposed NOL Spur Line is about 5.8 km in length and its alignment starts from the San Tin Station on the proposed NOL Main Line, passing through the San Tin Technopole and the Hong Kong-Shenzhen Innovation and Technology Park in the Loop, and connects to the new Huanggang Port in Shenzhen. The project will help strengthen the cross-boundary transport link as well as the connection between the Loop and the urban area, and will provide another option for residents and tourists travelling to and from the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The Government is actively following up on the relevant work with Mainland authorities and the MTR Corporation Limited for commencement of the detailed planning and design stage within 2024.
  3. Hong Kong-Shenzhen Western Rail Link (Hung Shui Kiu-Qianhai)
    1. The proposed HSWRL is about 18 km in length (with a length of about 8 km for the Hong Kong section) and its alignment starts from the location adjoining the Hung Shui Kiu Station of the Tuen Ma Line, passing through Ha Tsuen and Lau Fau Shan, crossing the Deep Bay and connecting to Qianhai via Shenzhen Bay Port. The project will connect the Hung Shui Kiu/Ha Tsuen New Development Area with the Qianhai Cooperation Zone with a view to strengthening the connection between the Northern Metropolis and the Guangzhou-Shenzhen innovation and technology corridor. Moreover, with the support of road networks, the two areas will be developed into a strategic hub of transport corridor on the east bank of the Pearl River to promote integrated development and connectivity between Hong Kong and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.
    2. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government and the Shenzhen Municipal People's Government have been taking forward the HSWRL project through the “Task Force for Hong Kong-Shenzhen Co-operation on Cross-Boundary Railway Infrastructure” and its Technical Group. The First Stage Study, which established the strategic value and necessity of the project has been completed. The Second Stage Study commenced in early 2023 to study the planning, preliminary engineering feasibility, benefits, environmental impact as well as construction and operation arrangements, and is expected to be completed in mid-2024.
  4. Hung Shui Kiu Station
    1. The proposed Hung Shui Kiu Station will be built between the existing Tin Shui Wai Station and Siu Hong Station of Tuen Ma Line, serving residents of the Hung Shui Kiu/Ha Tsuen New Development Area (HSK/HT NDA) and the adjacent area by providing a direct railway connection for HSK/HT NDA for supporting the sustainable growth in population and employment opportunities in the NDA. The detailed planning and design for Hung Shui Kiu Station is underway. The construction works are anticipated to commence in 2024 for completion in 2030 to support the major new population intake of HSK/HT NDA.
  5. Central Rail Link
    1. The Central Rail Link (CRL) is an approximately 17-km railway connecting Kam Tin in Yuen Long and Kowloon Tong via Kwai Chung. It will link the Northern Metropolis and the Harbour Metropolis while supporting the sustainable development of the Northern Metropolis. Connecting to the existing and proposed railways, including the Tuen Ma Line, the Tsuen Wan Line, the Kwun Tong Line, the East Rail Line, the NOL, the NOL Eastern Extension and the Northeast New Territories Line, the CRL will offer more direct and faster routes as well as an additional commuting option for travelling between the Northern Metropolis and different districts of Hong Kong Island and Kowloon.
  6. Hong Kong Island West - Hung Shui Kiu Rail Link
    1. In the preliminary proposed strategic transport infrastructure of the Kau Yi Chau Artificial Islands, the railway will connect Hung Shui Kiu and western part of Hong Kong Island, passing through Tuen Mun East, Sunny Bay and the Artificial Island.
  7. Northern Metropolis Highway
    1. The approximately 23-km Northern Metropolis Highway consists of four sections, namely the Tin Shui Wai Section, San Tin Section, Kwu Tung Section and the New Territories North (NTN) New Town Section, from west to east, linking the core developments in the Northern Metropolis, enhancing the east-west connections of the NTN and forming a new east-west corridor. It will significantly improve transport efficiency of the strategic road network in the northern part of the New Territories while laying a solid foundation for transport infrastructure development in the NDAs.
  8. Route 11 (Yuen Long - North Lantau), Tsing Yi-Lantau Link, Widening of Yuen Long Highway and Tuen Mun Bypass
    1. To cater for the traffic need arising from the progressive developments in the Northwest New Territories, the Government is taking forward a series of road infrastructure projects to enhance internal and external connectivity of the area. Moreover, by upgrading the road infrastructure, it will further strengthen the connectivity of major roads and the capacity of the local road network, thereby enhancing the connectivity of developments in the vicinity and effectively unleashing the development potential of the districts concerned.
    2. As for connection to urban areas, the Government has been implementing Route 11 (section between Yuen Long and North Lantau), Tsing Yi–Lantau Link and Widening of Yuen Long Highway (section between Lam Tei and Tong Yan San Tsuen). As regards road connection to the airport and Lantau, the Government has been implementing the Tuen Mun Bypass which links up Lam Tei to Tuen Mun Area 40 as well as Tuen Mun–Chek Lap Kok Tunnel. The Government strives to commission the above-mentioned road projects progressively in or before 2033.
  9. Sha Tin Bypass
    1. The Shatin Bypass is approximately 15 km long. Compared with the existing Tolo Highway and the Tai Po Road, the Shatin Bypass will serve as a more direct north-south corridor, connecting the northeast New Territories with the urban areas of Kowloon. Its northern end will connect to the Fanling Highway in Tai Po, providing convenience not only for road users in the North District but also for residents in Tai Po, Tai Wo, Hong Lok Yuen, Lam Tsuen and Tai Hang. Its southern end will connect to the existing major road network near Cheung Sha Wan in Kowloon West. The Shatin Bypass will give residents of the New Territories East a faster route to the urban areas, and enhance the transport network for north-south connectivity as well as relieve traffic pressure on Tolo Highway.
  10. Green Transport Corridor from Tsim Nei Tsui to Pak Nai
    1. The Government is exploring the feasibility of providing a green transport corridor from Tsim Bei Tsui to Pak Nai, so as to enhance the transport network of the HSK/HT NDA upon expansion.
  11. Hung Shui Kiu/Ha Tsuen Smart and Green Mass Transit System
    1. Hung Shui Kiu/Ha Tsuen New Development Area (NDA) is planned to be served by a Smart and Green Mass Transit System (formerly called “Green Transit System”), which will connect different residential and commercial areas, employment centres and major community facilities in the NDA. The Transit System will also connect to the Yuen Long South NDA.
  12. Northern Link Eastern Extension
    1. Spanning approximately 9.5 km, the Northern Link Eastern Extension will extend NOL eastward from Kwu Tung Station to Ping Che, passing through various development nodes in NTN New Town (including Lo Wu/Man Kam To). The extension will establish effective links between the NDAs and the railway network. It is planned to connect to the proposed Northeast New Territories Line at its terminal.
  13. Northeast New Territories Line
    1. Spanning approximately 8.5 km, the Northeast New Territories Line will run from Heung Yuen Wai, passing through areas such as Ping Che and Queen's Hill, and connect with Fanling Station of the East Rail Line. It will link the major development nodes in the NTN New Town and facilitate public access to the Heung Yuen Wai boundary control point as well as provide an interchange with the East Rail Line.

Bus Routes plying through these roads[]

Main article: Hong Kong Expressways

Peak Hour Services[]

  • Hong Kong: 1P, 3A, 6A, 19P, 23B, 33X, 37B, 37X, 40P, 42C, 47P, 49X, 66, 70A, 70P, 71P, 73P, 77A, 77X, 81P, 82S, 85A, 85P, 88X, 90C, 91A, 93, 93A, 93C, 94, 95P, 97A, 99X, 511, 629, 720A, 720P, 720X, 780P
  • Kowloon Motor Bus: 3X, 5P, 5X, 6P, 12P, 13P, 14D, 15X, 16X, 20A, 26X, 28S, 31P, 35X, 36X, 38B, 38P, 40A, 40P, 40S, 41P, 43C, 43D, 43P, 43S, 46P, 46S, 48P, 58P, 59A, 61A, 62X, 64P, 64S, 65K, 69C, 69P, 72C, 73D, 74B, 74C, 74E, 74F, 74P, 75P, 80A, 80P, 81S, 82B, 82C, 82D, 82P, 83A, 83P, 83S, 83X, 85S, 86P, 86S, 87E, 87P, 87S, 89P, 91P, 91S, 93M, 98B, 98P, 98S, 203S, 203X, 205M, 213A, 213B, 213S, 214P, 215P, 224X, 230X, 234C, 234D, 234P, 237A, 238P, 240X, 241X, 242X, 243P, 251M, 252B, 252X, 258A, 258P, 258X, 259B, 259C, 259E, 259X, 260B, 260C, 261B, 261P, 261S, 261X, 263A, 263C, 265S, 267X, 268A, 268B, 268P, 269A, 269P, 269S, 270C, 270D, 270P, 271B, 271P, 271X, 272E, 272P, 272S, 272X, 273C, 273P, 273S, 274, 274P, 274X, 276C, 277A, 277P, 278A, 278P, 279A, 280X, 281A, 281B, 281X, 285A, 286P, 287D, 287P, 288A, 288B, 288C, 290B, 291P, 292P, 296P, 297P, 298, 702A, 702S, 796E, 798A, 798B, K52S, K58, K74, K75S, T74, T270, T277, X42P
  • Cross-Harbour: 101X, 102P, 106A, 111P, 115P, 118P, 171A, 171P, 182X, 301, 302, 302A, 307A, 307P, 373, 601P, 603A, 603P, 603S, 606A, 606X, 619P, 619X, 621, 641, 671X, 673P, 678, 680A, 680B, 680P, 680X, 681P, 682A, 682B, 682C, 682D, 682P, 682X, 686, 690P, 900, 905A, 905B, 907B, 907C, 914P, 914X, 933, 934A, 935, 936A, 948A, 948B, 948E, 948P, 948X, 960A, 960B, 960C, 960S, 960X, 961P, 962, 962A, 962C, 962E, 962G, 962S, 967X, 968A, 968X, 969A, 969B, 969C, 969P, 969X, 976, 978A, 978B, 980A, 980X, 981P, 982X, 985, 985A, 985B, 988, 989, X962, X970
  • Airport: A26P, A29P, E11S, E21X, E22C, E22P, E22S, E22X, E33P, E36P, E42P, E43, S52A, S52P, S64C, S64P, S64X, S65
  • Lantau: 36

Malls[]

  • Times Square (Causeway Bay): Adidas, A Bathing Ape, Agnes B, Carrie 31, Celine, Chanel, Chow Tai Fook, Crocs, Delsey, Dior, Ecco, Evisu, Ferragamo, FILA, Jimmy Choo, Melissa, MLB, New Balance, Nike, Ray-Ban, Saint Laurent, Shiseido, Staccato, Watsons, Zara
  • Citygate Tung Chung: Chateraise, Genki Sushi, Ippudo, Adidas, 6IXTY8IGHT, Ashworth, Burberry, Calvin Klein, Casetify, Cath Kidston, Chloe, Claudie Pierlot, Cole Haan, Eslite, Crocs, Furla, I.T., J. Lindeberg, Jimmy Choo, Lacoste, Levi's, Miss Sixty, MLB, New Balance, Sandro, SaSa, Ray-Ban, Skechers, Under Armour, Uniqlo, Clarks, The Body Shop
  • Venetian Macau: Charles & Keith, Melissa, MLB
  • MOKO: AWATO, Dr. Kong, Skechers, tootoo, The Lancaster, Beracamy, Male, The Korner
  • Miramar Plaza: The Korner
  • Kai Tak Airside: The Korner
  • Landmark North: The Korner
  • Hollywood Plaza: The Korner
  • Ma'anshan Newport City Center Branch: The Korner
  • Central Market: The Korner
  • Tuen Mun Plaza: The Korner
  • Lee Theatre: The Korner
  • Tsim Sha Tsui: The Korner
  • CityWalk Tsuen Wan: The Korner
  • East Point City: The Korner
  • Telford Plaza: The Korner
  • Kwai Fong: The Korner
  • Kwun Tong: The Korner
  • Lai Chi Kok: The Korner
  • Mong Kok: The Korner
  • Yuen Long Point II: The Korner

In relation[]

Hongkies are very familiar with these bus routes:

  1. 2: Changi Village – Chinatown
  2. 8: Tampines - Toa Payoh
  3. 10: Tampines - Kent Ridge
  4. 12: Pasir Ris - New Bridge Road
  5. 14: Bedok - Clementi
  6. 31: Tampines - Toa Payoh
  7. 37: Tampines – Changi North (Loop)
  8. 54: Bishan - Chinatown
  9. 59: Bishan - Changi Village
  10. 72: Tampines – Yio Chu Kang
  11. 88: Pasir Ris - Toa Payoh
  12. 106: Bukit Batok – Marina Centre
  13. 118: Punggol - Changi Business Park
  14. 123: Bukit Merah – Sentosa
  15. 130: Ang Mo Kio - Raffles Place/Shenton Way
  16. 166: Ang Mo Kio - Clementi
  17. 169: Ang Mo Kio – Woodlands
  18. 188: Choa Chu Kang – HarbourFront
  19. 190: Choa Chu Kang – New Bridge Road
  20. 960: Woodlands – Marina Centre
  21. 960A: Tampines Block 114 – Carlton Hotel
  22. 961: Woodlands – Lorong 1 Geylang
  23. 962: Woodlands – Admiralty Street (Loop)
  24. 963: Woodlands – HarbourFront
  25. 967: Woodlands – Woodlands Drive 17 (Loop)
  26. 969: Woodlands – Tampines
  27. 988: Clementi Loop – LikeMeetWork
  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Google Maps of Tuen Mun Road (expressway)
  3. ↑ Google Maps of Tai Po Road – Sha Tin section (expressway)
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