The Innovia APM 100 (formerly known as the CX-100) is an automated people mover (APM) rolling stock first developed by Adtranz (now Bombardier Transportation), intended mainly for airport connections and light rail in towns. They are operated by Automatic Train Control (ATC), making it fully automatic and driverless.
The Innovia APM 100 is an evolution of Adtranz's previous people mover vehicle, the C-100. Bombardier's intended successor to the Innovia APM 100 is the Innovia APM 200 (originally simply known as the Innovia), which made its debut on Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport's Skylink APM. However, the Innovia APM 100 continues to be offered by Bombardier and will remain in service at many airports for years to come. In addition to being used at many airports, the Innovia APM 100 is used in the Miami Metromover fleet (alongside the Adtranz C-100) that runs throughout Downtown Miami, Florida, United States.
Airport connections[]
A popular rolling stock for intra-terminal connection in large airports, it operates in a number of airports:
Current:
- AeroTrain, Kuala Lumpur International Airport, Malaysia
- AirTrain, San Francisco International Airport, United States
- McCarran International Airport People Movers, McCarran International Airport (Las Vegas, Nevada), United States [two, plus one under construction, plus Las Vegas Monorail link under planning]
- Satellite Transit System, Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, United States
- SMF Automated People Mover, Sacramento International Airport, United States
- Tampa International Airport, United States
- TerminaLink, George Bush Intercontinental Airport, (Houston, Texas), United States
- The Plane Train, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, United States
- Tracked Shuttle System London Gatwick Airport, United Kingdom [1]
- Track Transit System, London Stansted Airport, United Kingdom
Former:
- Changi Airport Skytrain until 2006, now by Mitsubishi Crystal Mover, Singapore
Miami Metromover[]
- Main article: Metromover
The Bombardier Innovia APM 100 is used on the Metromover in Miami, Florida, United States. The trains were introduced in 2008, replacing the system's older Adtranz C-100. The Metromover is one of the world's few rail systems that uses the Innovia APM 100 for non-airport operations.
Bukit Panjang LRT[]
The Innovia APM 100 began operations on the Bukit Panjang LRT Line in 1999. These cars are similar to the C-100s formerly used at Singapore Changi Airport’s Skytrain system in the early 1990s, jointly built by Westinghouse and Adtranz (acquired by Bombardier). Most of the new features available in newer MRT train cars are found here as well.
Instead of metal wheels on metal tracks, rubber-tired wheels on a concrete track are used making it very quiet. Also, the windows mist within 6 meters of (mostly) HDB apartment blocks ensuring residents’ privacy. 19 individual cars (which can be coupled in pairs if necessary during peak hours) were purchased.
The line suffered numerous technical problems in its initial years, and subsequent LRT lines in Singapore used the Crystal Mover instead.
C801[]
The Bombardier Innovia APM 100 C801 (APM 100, originally known as CX-100) is the first generation of an automated people mover (APM) train built by Adtranz (now Bombardier Transportation) for use on the Bukit Panjang LRT (BPLRT).
Operational history[]
The C801 trains was operated since the BPLRT was opened. The first train was delivered on 21 January 1999, which is painted in light blue train cars and two turquoise stripes pasted. Later on, since December 2004, trains has been refurbished with the replacing of "Adtranz CX-100" into "Bombardier Innovia APM 100", and were repainted into a single red stripe pasted on the same blue car. These trains used to have LCD displays on each train for advertising purposes, however, these were removed in 2009 due to lack of demand. Currently, the Visual Passenger Information System (VPIS) display current and next station information. The windscreens and windows are tinted green, while spoilt windows have a different tint. Also, C801 trains have rectangular, incandescent headlights compared to the C801A trains, which have circular, bright white LED headlights.
No refurbishment has been made for Bombardier Innovia APM 100 C801 as it will be replaced eventually at the end of the physical lifespan.
Some train cars were installed with solar windscreen on one of the car ends. This was to minimize heat and light from entering the trains, which were one of the main causes for warmer trains. The experimental windscreens were successful as they were subsequently rolled out to other train cars.
Car 116 was installed with the new bright LEDs that was used in the C801A trains, replacing the existing yellow headlights. All train cars except for six of them, have been replaced by brand new LED headlights. As the carriages are closed-end, the train must be stationary and the doors must be open for passengers to move between carriages during 2-car operations. Passengers have the ability to sit on the either end of the car, which creates more standing space. All seats in the interior are standardised into turquoise seats, which is the previous LRT colour before it was standardised into grey in 2003. It has 4 seats on each end and 8 seats in the middle. C801 trains have rectangular, incandescent headlights compared to the C801A trains, which have circular, bright white LED headlights.
Defects in the C801 rolling stock[]
Minor defects in the C801 rolling stock was made public in a press report made by operator SMRT Trains managing director Lee Ling Wee in 2016, when it was admitted that C801 trains had suffered from cracks.[2] This was after the cracks from the rolling stock C151A trains, which runs on East West line and North South line, were made public on 5 July 2016 which caused a public uproar (See Operational Problems in C151A). According to the press report, the cracks was discovered "during a routine assessment by Bombardier in 2015" and the issue affected all 19 C801 trains. It was stated that 12 of them have fixed locally using wielding methods with remaining 7 awaiting for repairs as of time the report was published, having suffered the issue to a lesser degree.[2]
Lee did not reveal what caused the cracks, but a spokesman for Land Transport Authority told Straits Times that the issue is caused by "normal wear and tear" and added that they are not 'safety-critical'. All cracks in C801 trains were found on the "lateral beams of the under-frame" and they measured "no more than 12 cm".[2]
Replacement and retirement[]
On 7 March 2018, the Land Transport Authority awarded the contract for renewing the Bukit Panjang LRT system to Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) Bombardier (Singapore) at a cost of $344 million.[3] Under the contract, all of the 19 C801 trains would be withdrawn from service, and replaced by Bombardier Innovia APM 300R C801B automated people mover cars.[4] On 26 November 2023, the first C801 train was withdrawn from service. Template:Citation needed
| Car | Decommissioned Date | Status and Cause | Last Run |
|---|---|---|---|
| 101 | November 2023 | Not in service anymore since April 2021. 101 lifted down on 26 November 2023. First C801 carriage to be lifted down and decommissioned. | 30 April 2021 |
| 102 | September 2025 | Final C801 carriage to be decommissioned and lifted down. 102 lifted down on 18 October 2025. | 12 September 2025 |
| 103 | February 2025 | 103 lifted down on 7 March 2025 | 14 February 2025 |
| 104 | July 2025 | 104 lifted down on 20 July 2025 | 8 July 2025 |
| 105 | August 2025 | 105 lifted down on 3 August 2025 | 27 July 2025 |
| 106 | September 2025 | 106 lifted down on 11 October 2025 | 29 August 2025 |
| 107 | June 2025 | 107 lifted down on 22 June 2025 | 4 May 2025 |
| 108 | April 2025 | 108 lifted down on 5 April 2025 | 21 February 2025 |
| 109 | January 2025 | 109 lifted down on 19 January 2025 | 25 December 2024 |
| 110 | April 2025 | 110 lifted down on 19 April 2025 | 14 April 2025 |
| 111 | September 2025 | 111 lifted down on 4 October 2025 | 12 September 2025 |
| 112 | 112 lifted down on 6 September 2025 | 29 August 2025 | |
| 113 | October 2024 | 113 lifted down on 19 October 2024 | 9 October 2024 |
| 114 | December 2024 | Problems of this train. 114 lifted down on 22 December 2024. | 14 August 2024 |
| 115 | August 2024 | 115 lifted down on 24 August 2024. | 2 June 2024 |
| 116 | November 2024 | 116 was lifted down on 10 November 2024 after 4 days MIA. | 6 November 2024 |
| 117 | February 2025 | 117 lifted down on 22 February 2025 | 14 February 2025 |
| 118 | June 2025 | 118 lifted down on 8 June 2025 | 16 April 2025 |
| 119 | 119 lifted down on 29 June 2025 | 24 June 2025 |
Train formation[]
The configuration of a C801 in revenue service is just the one car. With both the motors and the third rail current collectors, the train cars can be coupled up to 2 cars during service.
The car numbers of the trains range from 101 to 119. Individual cars are assigned a three-digit serial number by the rail operator SMRT Trains. A trainset consists of one motor car, e.g. set 101 is car 101. The first digit is always a 1, while the last two digits identify the car number.
- Adtranz (now Bombardier Transportation) built sets 101 – 119.
C801A[]
The Bombardier Innovia APM 100 C801A (APM 100) is the second generation of an automated people mover (APM) train built by Bombardier Transportation for the Bukit Panjang LRT line. These trains are mainly for airport connections and light rail in towns and it is operated by Automatic Train Control (ATC), making it fully automatic and driverless. The use of rubber tyres and ceramic tracks are extremely quiet compared to conventional rail.
This additional batch of trains will increase the capacity of the Bukit Panjang LRT line by 50% by 2014.[5] As of 4 September 2015Template:Citation needed, all train cars are officially on revenue service.
Overview[]
To prevent overcrowding on the Bukit Panjang LRT line, 13 new trains were purchased, thus increasing the fleet capacity by 50%. The first car was delivered on 15 June 2014 bearing the number 120. It started service on 19 November 2014 and by 4 September 2015, all 13 train cars were on service. However, in March 2019, 2 train cars were sent back to New Jersey, USA for retrofitting works of new signalling equipment. These cars returned to Singapore in April 2021.[6]Template:Unreliable source? The remaining 11 train cars will have theirs done locally once the retrofit is completed for the 2 train cars.
Design[]
Template:Unreferenced section
Exterior[]
The C801A trains are cosmetically similar to the C801 trains in terms of exterior shape, excluding the ends.*C801A trains have circular, bright white LED headlights compared to the C801 trains, which have rectangular, incandescent headlights.
- Windscreens and windows have a grey tint, unlike the C801 whose windows have a green tint.
- The trains also have a more streamlined design and are also the first batch of trains to bear SMRT's "Pixel" livery.
- The trains feature an orange indicator light which illuminates when the doors are open.
- The trains have automatic windscreen wipers which will activate during wet weather conditions.
Interior[]
The C801A trains are very similar to the C801 trains in terms of interior design.
- C801A trains have red (priority seats) and lime green seats. The arrangement of the seats is the same while C801 is fully turquoise in colour.
- Ergonomic seats profile, with two priority seats on each end of the cars (indicated in red).
- Additional handgrips have been installed to encourage people to move towards the centre of the car.
- The trains also feature a newer Train Travel Information System (TTIS) and a chime that plays before every announcements.
- As the carriages are closed-end, the train must be stationary and the doors must be open for passengers to move between carriages during 2-car operations.
- At each end, passengers may be seated and view the scenery when the train is moving.
- Passengers have the ability to sit on either ends of the car, accommodating more seating space.
Train formation[]
The configuration of a C801A in revenue service is just the one car. With both the motors and the third rail current collectors, the train cars can be coupled up to 2 cars during service.
The car numbers of the trains range from 120 to 132. Individual cars are assigned a three-digit serial number by the rail operator SMRT Trains. A trainset consists of one motor car, e.g. set 120 is car 120. The first digit is always a 1, while the last two digits identify the car number.
- Bombardier Transportation built sets 120 – 132.
Additional features[]
- Some train cars were installed with CCTVs.
C801A Upgrading[]
| Car | Redebut |
|---|---|
| 120 | |
| 121 | |
| 122 | 27 June 2024 |
| 123 | |
| 124 | |
| 125 | |
| 126 | |
| 127 | |
| 128 | 29 July 2023 |
| 129 | |
| 130 | 20 April 2024 |
| 131 | 29 July 2023 |
| 132 |
C801B[]
The Bombardier Innovia APM 300R C801B (APM 300R) is the third generation of automated people mover (APM) trains built by CRRC Puzhen Alstom Transportation Systems (joint venture of Alstom [formerly Bombardier Transportation] and CRRC Nanjing Puzhen) for the Bukit Panjang LRT line, to replace the existing C801 trains built in 1999.[7]Template:Better source needed The C801B trains are also the first of its kind to reuse the retro AC third rail shoes compared to the newer Light Rail lines around the world that utilises the APM 300 system that have been built with DC third rail instead of AC.
Overview[]
As the aging first generation trains drew near to its deadline service of 20 years, the LTA decided that the first generation trains were due for replacement instead of a refurbishment. This is in part of their renewal programme for the next 10 years for the BPLRT, including rail replacement and signalling upgrades. The LTA then awarded the project to Bombardier Transportation (the manufacturer of the BPLRT train cars at the time, now merged with Alstom) to procure 19 replacement train cars for the BPLRT.[8] However, instead of using back the same technology for the train line, the LTA opted for Bombardier's latest technology on the Innovia system - Innovia APM 300. It is said to be much more reliable in many ways, including a much more robust braking and propulsion system, a higher reliability air conditioning system and many more. But with the BPLRT line utilising the same third rail technology as the APM 100, modification works on the APM 300 cars were done to work with AC third rail power supply. Hence, APM 300R was created, specifically for such conditions. The new trains were revealed on 3 December 2019, spotting a sleeker design and enhanced features.[9][10]
Unlike the CX-100 C801 and APM 100 C801A, the APM 300R C801B will feature more efficient MITrac AC traction motors and VVVF inverters, controlled by transistors instead of thyristors.
Train formation[]
The configuration of a C801B in revenue service is just the one car. With both the motors and the third rail current collectors, the train cars can be coupled up to 2 cars during service.
The car numbers of the trains range from 133 to 151. Individual cars are assigned a three-digit serial number by the rail operator SMRT Trains. A trainset consists of one motor car, e.g. set 133 is car 133. The first digit is always a 1, while the last two digits identify the car number.*Bombardier Transportation (now Alstom) and CRRC Nanjing Puzhen built sets 133 – 151.
C801B Debut[]
| Car | Debut | Status |
|---|---|---|
| 133 | 21 August 2025 | |
| 134 | 15 October 2025 | |
| 135 | 1 August 2024 | |
| 136 | ||
| 137 | 17 October 2024 | |
| 138 | 27 October 2024 | |
| 139 | 31 December 2024 | |
| 140 | 28 December 2024 | |
| 141 | 24 February 2025 | |
| 142 | 30 May 2025 | |
| 143 | 24 February 2025 | |
| 144 | 11 April 2025 | |
| 145 | ||
| 146 | 30 May 2025 | |
| 147 | 12 June 2025 | |
| 148 | 15 July 2025 | |
| 149 | 14 September 2025 | |
| 150 | 11 September 2025 | |
| 151 |
References[]
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- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 US-made LRT trains also had cracks Template:Webarchive - Straits Times, 8 July 2016
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Technical specifications[]
- Manufacturer : Adtranz, now Bombardier Transportation
- System operation : Automatic (Driverless)
- Gauge : Central guideway with rubber tyres
- Maximum speed : Template:Convert
- Capacity : 105 (22 seating, 83 standing)
- Unladen weight : Template:Convert
- Size : Template:Convert length, Template:Convert width, Template:Convert height.
See also[]
- Light Rail Transit
- Bombardier Innovia APM 200 – the successor of the Innovia APM 100
- Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Crystal Mover – a competing APM rolling stock
Template:Commons
References[]
External links[]
Template:Light Rail Transit (Singapore)