Singapore Prison Service

The Singapore Prison Service (Chinese: 新加坡监狱属; Malay: Perkhidmatan Penjara Singapura) is a government agency of the Government of Singapore under the hierarchy of the Ministry of Home Affairs. It runs 14 prisons and drug rehabilitation centres in Singapore. Its responsibilities encompass the safe custody, rehabilitation and aftercare of offenders, and preventive education.

The Singapore Prison Service is made up of a professional team of uniformed officers as well as civilian staff, including psychologists and counsellors. The Singapore Prison Service was institutionalised as a department in 1946 and is situated at Upper Changi Road North.

1800 - 1899
On 18 April 1825, the first batch of penal convicts arrived in Singapore and were housed in temporary huts along Bras Basah Canal and the philosophy of deterrence through punitive measures rather than rehabilitation was adopted. In 1847, a civil jail was built at Pearl’s Hill but overcrowding remained a perennial problem and a continued punitive approach in prison management led to a high rate of recidivism.

1900 - 1999
Changi Prison, a maximum security prison, was built and operationalised in 1936 as a training ground for the reform and rehabilitation of its inmates. The Singapore Prison Service was institutionalised as a Department in 1946 and G E WW Bayly became its first Commissioner. On 1 November 1973, Quek Shi Lei was appointed Director of Prisons.

The Ministry of Home Affairs set up a Prisons Re-Organisation Committee to review the system of rehabilitation, industrial training and work discipline. A new system of classification was then adopted in which inmates were grouped into sixteen classes under three broad categories.

On 1 January 1988, Tee Tua Ba took over as Director of Prisons, while Quek Shi Lei acted as an advisor to Singapore Prison Service and became CEO, Singapore Corporation of Rehabilitative Enterprises (SCORE). The Singapore Prison Service mission and operations philosophy, which formed the guiding principles on inmate management, were promulgated.

When Tee Tua Ba was posted to the Singapore Police Force (SPF) as Commissioner of Police on 1 July 1992, Poh Geok Ek took over the Directorship of Singapore Prison Service until 1 November 1998.

Another milestone in Singapore Prison Service’s history was the official opening of Tanah Merah Prison and Changi Women’s Prison/Drug Rehabilitation Centre on 23 April 1994 by then Minister for Home Affairs, Wong Kan Seng. These two purpose-built prisons served as the flagship institutions leading the Singapore Prison Service into the 21st century and were built based on latest contemporary prison design and architecture then.

The Singapore Prison Service mission statement, operations philosophy and corporate statement were revised in March 1996 with the inclusion of a set of Core Values.

In 1998, Chua Chin Kiat took over as Director of Singapore Prison Service from Poh Geok Ek when the latter retired. Under Chua’s directorship, the Singapore Prison Service organised a visioning exercise in January 1999 to collectively craft a shared vision and conduct a review of its mission to better accommodate the changing needs and expectations of its stakeholders and the public.

On 31 December 1999, at the groundbreaking ceremony for the redevelopment of Changi Prison Complex, Guest-of-Honour, then Minister for Home Affairs, Wong Kan Seng unveiled the new vision and revised mission together with the “Captain of Lives” tagline.

2000 – Present
On 3 January 2000, Kaki Bukit Centre was established as a prison school for inmates’ education and skills learning. Teaching resources were centralised and more inmates were able to pursue further education.

Another milestone in Singapore Prison Service’s journey towards building an exemplary prison system was the operationalisation of Cluster A in 2004.

The Yellow Ribbon Project was launched in October 2004 to raise public awareness and acceptance of the community towards ex-offenders, so as to garner community support for inmates’ re-integration into society.

On 1 November 2007, Ng Joo Hee took over office from Chua Chin Kiat, the latter moving on to become the executive director or AETOS Security Management. In the same year, Selarang Park Prison/DRC was also transformed to a community supervision centre to manage inmates emplaced on community based programmes and released on supervision.

After two years as Director of Prisons, Ng Joo Hee moved on to become the Commissioner of Police. On 1 January 2010, Soh Wai Wah took over office and is the current Director of Prisons. Soh oversaw the official opening of a new prison cluster in Changi Prison Complex - Cluster B, on 20 January 2010.

Organisation
The Singapore Prison Service (SPS) is a uniformed organisation under the hierarchy of the Ministry of Home Affairs. As a key member of the Home Team, its responsibilities encompass the safe custody, rehabilitation and aftercare of offenders, and preventive education.

SPS is made up of a professional team of uniformed officers as well as civilian staff, including psychologists and counsellors. Since its institutionalisation as a department in 1946, SPS has undergone a marked transformation to remake itself as one of the most progressive, secure, and exemplary prison systems that is recognised and respected internationally, dedicated to the cause of providing secure custody and steering offenders to become law-abiding citizens.

Organisation Structure
SPS currently administers 14 institutions. They make up SPS’s line units and are grouped under four clusters – Cluster A and B which are within the Changi Prison Complex (CPC), Cluster C which includes the Prisons School, and Operations and Security Command (OSC) – to synergise services and enhance operational efficiency.

SPS has seven staff divisions - Operations, Staff Development, Corporate Services, Rehabilitation & Reintegration, Strategic Planning & Research, Intelligence, and Psychological & Correctional Rehabilitation Division (PCRD) – that comprise 29 staff units; as well as three standalone units, namely, Corporate Communications & Relations, Provost, and Staff Inspectorate.

CARE Network
The Community Action for the Rehabilitation of Ex-Offenders (CARE) Network was formed in May 2000 to coordinate and to improve the effectiveness of various agencies engaging in rehabilitative works for ex-offenders in Singapore.

The CARE Network is the first formal structure that brings together key community and government agencies to promote seamless in-care to aftercare support for ex-offenders. The Network consists of 8 major community and government organisations responsible for the rehabilitation of ex-offenders.

Objectives
The CARE Network has several initiatives to help ex-offenders reintegrate into society, including rehabilitative and aftercare programmes. It has developed several aftercare initiatives which include:
 * To improve the quality of rehabilitative services through knowledge-sharing
 * To build awareness and understanding of the rehabilitative process amongst the general public
 * To increase efficiency by reducing duplication of work and services between member agencies
 * To create a seamless transfer for offenders from in-care to aftercare
 * To mobilise and facilitate the community to take action toward rendering appropriate support services to help ex-offenders and their families reintegrate into the society


 * a. Yellow Ribbon Project

Launched in 2004 as one of CARE Network's key initiative, the Yellow Ribbon Project seeks to engage the community in accepting ex-offenders and their families, giving them a second chance at life and to inspire a ripple effect of concerted community action to support ex-offenders and their families.


 * b. Case Management Framework

The Case Management Framework was initiated in March 2001 to ensure continuity in an inmate’s rehabilitative process before and after he is released.

The service involves:
 * Assessing an inmate’s individual needs
 * Identifying appropriate services that meet his needs
 * Developing a comprehensive plan of service tailored to the individual
 * Advocating the client’s access to and use of services
 * Monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of delivery of services

The service is delivered by full-time Aftercare Case Managers (ACMs) from the Singapore After-Care Association (SACA) and Singapore Anti-Narcotics Association (SANA), which start to see inmates two months ahead of their release.


 * c. Lee Foundation Education Assistance Scheme

The scheme, launched on 27 September 2003, provides financial assistance to ex-offenders in their academic pursuits. The Foundation aims to provide opportunities for ex-offenders who are needy and would like to continue with their studies.

The scheme is currently administered by SACA.


 * d. Professionalism In The Aftercare Sector

Building the aftercare sector is necessary for raising the level of expertise to ensure that services are delivered in a professional and ethical way. In 2006, the Core Competencies of Aftercare Case Managers and the Training Roadmap was developed. The Best Practice Guidelines and Work Process System were also developed with support from the National Council of Social Service. These initiatives help aftercare professionals identify and develop core skills needed to serve the clients.


 * e. Prisons Halfway House Scheme

The Prisons Halfway House Scheme, which started in April 1995, allows amenable offenders of Drug Rehabilitation Centres and Prisons without strong family support to spend their last stage of their detention at the halfway houses.

To enhance the provision of transitional care to better meet the needs of offenders, the Halfway House Service Model was launched in October 2010. This new service model provides a framework to enable halfway houses to operate a consistent and dedicated programme based on stipulated service requirements. Structured and professional rehabilitation services would be provided to facilitate offenders’ reintegration into the society. Currently, there are eight halfway houses participating in Prisons Halfway House Scheme and administering the Service Model.


 * f. Singapore Prisons Emergency Action Response (SPEAR)

SPEAR is a highly trained specialist force that is deployed for various high-risk, special operations. SPEAR officers specialise in Close Quarters Riot Control, High-Risk Inmates’ Transportation, Close Protection, Less Lethal Weaponry, Dynamic Entry, Cell Extractions and other tactical skills which are essential to make prisons safe in an ever changing security climate.

Their core functions include responding to prison contingencies and exercises, performing high-risk escort duties and training prison officers in various core tactical skills.

Inmate Self-Service Kiosk (iKiosk)
The Inmate Self-Service Kiosk (iKiosk) is a Self-Service Kiosk developed and custom-built for the Singapore Prison Service by NCS. The design of the iKiosk caters for the Prison environment where special consideration is taken for safety and security. The iKiosk is tamper-proof, smooth-edged, fabricated with 17-inch tempered-glass monitor to withstand high impacts and comes with a barcode scanner to authenticate inmates’ wrist tags.

The iKiosk allows inmates to carry out non-sensitive routine administrative activities on their own. This gives them the chance to take ownership of their actions and inculcate a sense of self-responsibility. The use of the kiosks is also an opportunity for inmates to familiarise themselves with technology - which would also help them assimilate back into society upon their release.

Many activities in the Housing Unit (HU) require the help of Prison Officers, with some of the activities being routine and time-consuming. With the deployment of the iKiosk, inmates are able to submit and track their requests independently, increasing efficiency and productivity in the complex. Prison officers are able to focus more on ensuring the security and rehabilitation of inmates and enhancing staff-inmate interaction.

Currently, the iKiosk allow inmates to perform self-help tasks such as:
 * Perform administrative requests such as replacement of wrist tags and report change in diet
 * Check and redeem privileges
 * Print letter forms
 * Check status of their requests and query
 * Obtain inmate-related information
 * Check availability of new courses

Prison authorities are also exploring the option of allowing inmates to type out their letters and send them electronically. This is part of the prison’s plan to move with the times and tap on technology to enhance the rehabilitation process for inmates. Inmates could also have the chance to access e-books and e-learning materials in the future.

The iKiosk received the award for Most Innovative Use of Infocomm Technology (Public Sector) at the National Infocomm Awards 2012.

Video teleconferencing
Tele-visits via video-conferencing were introduced in 1999 for family members to maintain communication with inmates. There are currently nine tele-visit centres in located in various parts of Singapore, including the Prison Link Centres.

On 12 October 2002, the Singapore Prisons Department launched a 12-month pilot project for the world’s first internet home tele-visit facility for inmates and their families. 60 inmates and their families were selected for this project. Both the Institutions and the inmates’ home were equipped with a personal computer and video conferencing system. At a scheduled time, family members will log on to the Internet video conferencing system to tele-visit with the inmates at the Institutions.

Mobile devices (mobile PORTS or mPORTS)
Mobile devices were implemented and made available to prison officers to gain a better understanding of an inmate when they visit the various institutions. Mobile tablets were introduced in 2012 to allow prison officers to retrieve inmate information while on the ground. It also allowed the officers to instantly find out more about the inmates if they are new admissions. Observations of the inmates can also be recorded on the spot when they monitor certain behavioural changes in the inmates.

New Prison Headquarters
On 10 December 2012, it was announced that a new S$118.5 million Prison Headquarters of the Changi Prison Complex will be constructed by December 2014. The project was awarded to Sembawang Engineers and Constructors (Sembawang), which is owned by the Punj Lloyd Group Company.

The new headquarters will have four buildings and several smaller ancillary buildings that will house office facilities, a multi-purpose hall, a club house and an auditorium. It will also be in closer proximity to Cluster A and Cluster B within the Changi complex.

Equipment
Although the SPS officers are armed with less-than-lethal weapons such as the Monadnock PR-21 side handle baton (more commonly known as the T-baton) and pepper spray while on duty, they are trained in firearms, and may be issued depend the situation encountered.


 * Pistols
 * .38 Caliber Revolver
 * Glock 19


 * Shotguns
 * Remington 870


 * Sub-machine guns
 * Heckler & Koch MP5


 * Assault rifles
 * M16 rifle